2019.12.Cet-6（1）翻译听读（句子结构1）

2019年12月Cet-6（1）翻译分析与听读
以下几篇都是英语基本句型，句子类型专题。
【翻译原文】
荷花是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。中国许多地方的湖泊和池塘都适宜荷花生长。荷花色彩鲜艳，夏日清晨绽放，夜晚闭合，花期长达两三个月，吸引来自各地的游客前往观赏。荷花具有多种功能，既能绿化水面，又能美化庭园，还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。荷花迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅，常来比喻人的高尚品德，历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。

【翻译译文】
①Lotus is one of the most famous flowers in China and is loved deeply by people. ②The lakes and ponds in many places of China are fit for lotus to grow. ③Lotus, which features bright color, blossoms in the summer morning and closes in the evening with a long flowering phase of two to three months, attracts tourists all over the country to appreciate it. ④Moreover, lotus has multiple functions. ⑤ It can not only make water surface green and beautify courtyards but also purify water, reduce pollution and improve environment. ⑥ Due to its characters of not fearing the blazing sun and keeping clean in the dirty soil, lotus symbolizes purity and elegance. ⑦ It is often used to represent people’s noble virtues so that it has become significant themes for poets and painters throughout the Chinese history. ⑧ Meanwhile, the places where lotus blooms always attracts many photographers to take photos.

① 简单句， 并列谓语，谓语1，is one of the most famous flowers；
谓语2，is loved deeply by people.
② 句子类型？
③复合句，主句, Lotus attracts tourists all over the country to appreciate it
非限制性定语从句，which features bright color, blossoms in the summer morning and closes in the evening with a long flowering phase of two to three months
④ 句子类型？
⑤ 简单句，四个并列谓语，用not only, but also有效衔接，谓语1，can make water surface green and beautify courtyards
谓语2，can also purify water, 谓语3，4？
⑥简易句，主语，lotus，谓语，symbolizes purity and elegance，Due to 引导出原因状语
⑦ 复合句，结果状语从句，so that it has become significant themes for poets and painters throughout the Chinese history
主句，It is often used to represent people’s noble virtues
⑧复合句：主句 the places always attracts many photographers to take photos.
定语从句，where lotus blooms

二.段落整体
其一，整个段落都在介绍荷花的特征，功能，品质以及象征意义，所以总体采用一般现在时。但是段落末尾提到了荷花“历来”是诗人画家创作的重要题材，“历来”一词决定，广大考生需要考虑时态的变化，所以该句应使用现在完成时来翻译比较妥当。其二，全段“荷花”重复较多，但依据英汉两种语言的差异，汉译英时需要考虑英文的简洁性，采用代词代替荷花。

三.词句翻译
该段落中有很多词语，面对这些词语的翻译，广大考生翻译时切忌生搬硬套，中英文两种语言在翻译过程中不可能做到完全的对等，只需尽可能做到忠实和通顺即可。所以在翻译成语时可采用意译的方式。
迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染
该句意为“不害怕炽烈的阳光，从污泥中长出却保持洁净。”所以大家只需译出基本含义即可，not fearing the blazing sun and keeping clean in the dirty soil.

英汉思维差异讨论：1.前面，我们已经谈到英语思维的重要特征：形合，“以形显意”，“形在意在”。因此识别，熟练掌握英语句子5个基本句型，用好简单句，并列句，复合句就是英语体现“形合”的重要手段。
2.在写作，翻译时，你必须记住，在英语造句时，以“形”为线索，理顺句子之间，短语之间，全文起承转合的逻辑关系建构多么重要。注意在书面语中，千万不要受汉语影响，用“好好学习，天天上”（good good study, day day up ）的模式来造句，这是典型的ChinEnglish(中文式英语)。
3.参加考试，认真思考写作，翻译时，绝不可以用中文式英语。你的单一的思维模式，必须立刻改变。学会在中英两种语言系统中自由切换。英语句子五个基本句型
1.主语+谓语 Birds fly,
2. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语 The early bird catches the worm
3. 主语+系动词+ 表语 They are birds of feather
4. 主语+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 She bought the bird a cage.
5. 主语+谓语+宾语中+ 宾语补足语 I heard the birds singing merrily