3册-010**************************

1. by小词的鬼马精灵 

The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912.

Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship.

即使用现代标准来衡量，46000吨的“泰坦尼克”号也算得上一艘巨轮了。

1）哪一句里的by是副词？

2）哪句包含的by与我们课文中的by用法一致？

My English test was coming and time passed by really fast. I wanted to get good grades, but there are just so many well-known plays by William Shakespeare. So I kept my English class notes by my pillow and I went through them pageby page every night before bed. In the end, my English score was up by10 percent. I ranked high even by my mom’s standard. And I was actually allowed to go to a party as a reward. But you know what, my mom still said, ‘Be back home by ten o’clock!’

by的7种常见用法:

My English test was coming and time passed byreally fast. (adv.)（表“流逝”）

There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare.（表“作者”）

I kept my English class notes by my pillow.（表“紧靠”）

I went through them page by page every night before bed.（表“逐一”）

My English score was up by 10 percent.（表“差额”）

I ranked high even by my mom’s standard. （表“标准”）

And I was finally allowed to go to a party as a reward.

But my mom still said, ‘Be back home byten o’clock!’（表“截止”） 

2. colossal 

来源：Latin, colossus, giant statutes, esp. the colossus of Rhodes.

Extremely large or on a great scale.

Charles Dickens: Ebenezer Scrooge，A Christmas Carol《圣诞颂歌》

a colossal waste of money 超级浪费钱，简直无异于犯罪。

A single puppy can makea colossal mess. 

扩展：

colosseum：罗马斗兽场

Ridley Scott：Gladiator（2000）《角斗士》

3. titanic 

a.  Having great size, or great strength, force or power.

来源：Titan 泰坦，是希腊神话中曾统治世界的12位古老巨神

Collective Memory “集体记忆”:

titanic—> the Titanic —> strong negative association

4. gigantic  a. 巨大的

英国白星航运公司 the White Star Line

1914年：outbreak of the First World War 第一次世界大战的爆发

扩展：

giant n. 巨人  adj.巨大的

immense和enormous: 数值上的巨大

He saved up an enormous amount of money for his daughter. 

他给女儿存了一大笔钱。

The value of the diamond is immense. It can hardly be measured.

这颗钻石的价值是无限的，几乎无法估量。

5. narrowly

 adv. 险些地

The titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her.

泰坦尼克号这个弯拐得及时，紧贴着高出海面100英尺的巨大冰墙擦过去。

narrow a.

1）狭隘的

sb. has a narrow mind 心胸狭隘的 

—> sb. be narrow-minded —> be open-minded

sb. has narrow views on sth. 

对某事有着偏执狭隘的看法

 —> broaden sb.’s views —> broaden sb.’s horizons

Some students take a gap year after finishing high school to broaden their horizons.

一些学生毕业后通过“间隔年”来开阔自己的视野。

2）微弱的、勉强的

They won by a narrow majority.

他们以微弱多数票/微弱优势获胜。

扩展：绝对优势—> a landslide majority

a narrow victory 险胜 

扩展:  大获全胜—> a landslide victory

a narrow escape 勉强逃跑（险些没成）

6. below prep./adv. 下方

复习：

blow／bellow

第八课：30 degrees below zero.

below the surface

The treasure is buried two meters below the surface.

宝藏就藏在地下2米的地方。—> under, beneath或者underneath.

He works below the CFO. 他在首席财政官手下工作。

Such petty behavior is below me.

这种下三滥的卑鄙行为我是不会去做的。—> beneath.

below作为副词：

Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below.

突然，从船舱下部传来一声轻微的颤音。

Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded!

在下面，船长惊恐地发现“泰坦尼克”号正在急速下沉，16个密封舱已有5个进水。

扩展：

hit below the belt：Of a punch, landing illegally, below the opponent's waist. 

引申义：Unfair; dirty; not according to the generally accepted rules. 

不公平的、卑鄙下流的行为。

Attacking his family is a hit below the belt. 攻击他的家庭这种做法实在是太low了（太卑鄙了）。

He never hit his opponent below the belt. 他从不用卑鄙伎俩对付对手。

课后挑战：

1). 我直接在首席执行官手下工作。

2). 今年降雨少于往年平均。

3). 有些猫腻未浮出水面。

4). 他厌倦了那些卑鄙手段。

7. plunge v. 跳入（水中）；陷入

The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.

他发出了弃船的命令，几百人跳进了冰冷刺骨的海水里。

复习：比较drop / plummet

The scandal plunged the company into chaos.

丑闻使得这家公司栽入了一片混乱局面。

Several cases of severe injury plunged the social media app Dou Yin into controversy.

多起严重受伤事故致使社交媒体软件抖音陷入争议。

Addiction to gamble plunged him into debt.

赌瘾使他债台高筑。

本课重点词汇总结

1. by小词中的鬼马精灵：7种用法总结

2.  colossal a.巨大的

colosseum n. 罗马斗兽场

3. titanic a. 巨大的

4. gigantic a.巨大的

giant, immense, enormous

5. narrowly ad. 险些地

 narrow a. 1）狭隘的2）微弱的、勉强的

6. below prep./adv. 下方

7. plunge  v. 跳入（水中）；陷入

课后挑战参考答案

1）I work directly below the CEO.

2）Rainfall this year is below average.

3）There is something rotten below the surface.

4）He was tired of the hits below the belt.