3册-011***********************

1. tolerant a. 宽容的

Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare.

现在的海关官员往往相当宽容。但是当你通过绿色通道，没有任何东西需要申报时，他们仍可以拦住你。

food intolerance 食物不耐受

Extreme sensitivity to a food or drug; allergy.

Zero tolerance 零容忍

《中国日报》的报道：

According to the Beijing traffic management bureau, 103 people have died in 87 crashes involving drunk drivers in Beijing this year. Under the "zero tolerance" campaign launched by the Ministry of Public Security, drivers who get behind the wheel after drinking face severe penalties.

2. guilty  a. 有罪的；内疚的

Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty.

甚至是最诚实的人也常被弄得觉得有罪似的。

1）Having a sense of guilt. 有负罪感的、良心遭受拷问的

Do you have a guilty conscience? 你内疚吗？

No, I have a clean conscience. 不，我问心无愧。

He feels guilty about eating desserts since he is watching his weight.

他吃了点甜颇感罪恶，因为他正在减肥。

2）(law) Judged to have committed a crime. 有罪的、犯罪的

He was guilty as charged.  嫌疑人控罪名成立。

哈利波特第2集《密室》

“I suggest, Headmaster, that Potter is not being entirely truthful,” he said. “It might be a good idea if he were deprived of certain privileges until he is ready to tell us the whole story. I personally feel he should be taken off the Gryffindor Quidditch team until he is ready to be honest.” 

“Really, Severus,” said Professor McGonagall sharply, “I see no reason to stop the boy playing Quidditch. This cat wasn't hit over the head with a broomstick. There is no evidence at all that Potter has done anything wrong.” 

Dumbledore was giving Harry a searching look. His twinkling light-blue gaze made Harry feel as though he were being X-rayed.

“Innocent until proven guilty, Severus,” he said firmly. 

Snape looked furious. Snape气歪了嘴。

（A person is）Innocent until (he is) proven guilty. 

字面翻译：（一个人是）清白的直到（他）被证明是有罪的。

也叫“无罪推定”。

3. hardened a. 老练的、老司机的

The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feeling, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

而老练的职业走私犯即使在手提箱里藏着500只金表，却也处之泰然。

a hardened criminal 惯犯

a hardened pessimist 顽固的悲观主义者

a hardened soldier 老兵

扩展：callous 近义词

1）Emotionally hardened; unfeeling and indifferent to the suffering/feelings of others. 麻木不忍的

I don't wish to sound callous, but I am glad I wasn't here

我不想让自己的话听上去铁石心肠，但我真的很庆幸我当时没在这儿。

2）Having calluses. 长了老茧的

4. officious a.

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

最近一次，我出国归来，碰上一位忒别好管闲事的年轻海关官员，他显然把我当成了走私犯。

officious:好管闲事的；爱指手画脚的

If you describe someone as officious, you are critical of them because they are eager to tell people what to do when you think they should not.

an officious landlady 一位爱指手画脚的女房东

比较：officious & official 

official: 正式的、官方的

this movie’s official website 这部电影的官网

an official decision 正式的决定

比较：official & officer

official (n.) An office holder invested with powers and authorities. 文官

David was the official charged with the running of the sports club.

戴维是负责运营体育俱乐部的官员。

public officials 政府官员、公务员

officer (n.) One who has a position of authority, especially in military or police organizations. 武官

a military officer 军官

a police officer 警官

5. go through  v.

The Officer went through the case with great care. All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure i would never be able to close the case again.

那位官员十分仔细地把箱子检查了一遍。所有细心包装好的东西一会儿功夫就乱成了一团。我相信那箱子再也关不上了。

1) 字面含义：To travel from one end of something to the other. 穿过、穿行

The train went through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。

2)To examine or scrutinize (a number or series of things), especially in a regular order. 仔细地逐个儿检查

Every morning, she went through her mail over a cup of coffee.

每天早晨，她一边喝咖啡一边逐一查看邮件。

3）To undergo, suffer, experience. 经历（通常是不愉快的事情）、遭受

I went through a lengthy immigration process before I was allowed across the border.

经过了冗长繁琐的入境程序，我终于得以过界了。

6. pounce v. 

Suddenly, I saw the Officer’s face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.

突然，我看到官员脸上露出了得以的神色。他在我的箱底发现了一只小瓶，高兴地一把抓了起来。

1) When an animal or bird pounces on something, it jumps on it and holds it, in order to kill it. （野兽或者飞禽）猛扑、突袭（猎物等）

...like a tiger pouncing on its prey...像老虎猛扑向猎物一样

The kitten pounced at the ball I threw to it. 猫咪一把扑下我丢给它的球。

2）To eagerly seize （sth. such as an offer、opportunity, etc.）

（尽全力）抓住（提供的事物、或者机会等）

I pounced on the chance to get promoted.

我奋力抓住晋升的机会。

The press pounced upon his comments.

新闻界立即揪住他的评论不放。

7. exempta./ v.

a. exempt作为形容词

‘Perfume,eh?’ he asked sarcastically. ‘You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.’ 

“香水，嗯？” 他讥讽地说道，“你刚才应该申报，香水要上进口税的。”

import duty 进口税

export duty 出口税

port词根—>港口, 中转枢纽

seaport海港  / river port河港/ 航空港airport

前缀ex-向外/ im- 向内

海关税custom duty

duty-free shops免税商店

duty-free products免税商品。

His income is so small that it is exempt from tax.

他的收入太低了，还没到税收的起征点。

exempt含义：Free from a duty or obligation. 免去（税、义务、责任）的

tax-exempt a.免税的Exempt from paying tax; not subject to taxation.

As a religious charity it is tax-exempt, so all money collected goes to its good works. 

作为一家宗教慈善机构，他们享受免税待遇，所有收集来的善款都用于慈善事业。

exempt from 也可指免除某种义务，比如

In their country all women are exempt from military service.

在那个国家，所有女性都免服兵役。

b. exempt作为动词

exempt v. To grant (someone) freedom or immunity from sth. 豁免

哈利波特第四集火焰杯The Goblet of Fire

Mr Crouch：

“The champions are not permitted to ask for or accept help of any kind from their teachers to complete the tasks in the tournament. The champions will face the first challenge armed only with their wands. They will receive information about the second task when the first is over. Owing to the demanding and time-consuming nature of the tournament, the champions are exempted from end-of-year tests.” 

8. unscrew v. 旋开、拧开

The Officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils.

海关官员拧开瓶盖，把瓶子放到鼻子底下。

screw：n. 螺丝钉，或者螺旋状的物体; v. 旋紧

反方向的前缀un- —> unscrew 旋开、拧开。

‘Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?’

“请您打开这只箱子可以吗？”

扩展：

dress—> undress: to take one's clothes off

wind－unwind

wind v. 注意读音和变位 (wind-wound-wound)

When you wind a mechanical device, for example a watch or a clock, you turn a knob, key, or handle on it several times in order to make it operate. 给(钟表等)上发条;给…上弦

I still hadn't wound my watch so I didn't know the time.

我还没有给表上发条，所以不知道时间。

unwind v. (unwound-unwound)

1）to undo sth that has been wrapped into a ball or around sth

to unwind a ball of string 解开一团绳

2）to stop worrying or thinking about problems and start to relax

Music helps me unwind after a busy day.

音乐使我在忙碌一天后得以放松。

9. greet v. 感知到（比如闻到、看到、听到等）

He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hunrry away with precious chalk mark on my baggage.

一股怪味袭来，使他相信我说的是真话。几分钟后，我终于被放行，手提着宝贵的粉笔记号的行李，匆匆离去。

A brilliant dawn greeted her as she looked out the window.

向窗外望去，她满眼都是绚烂的晨曦。

他最新出版的小说获得商业上的成功，但却不被评论家称誉。

His latest novel was greeted by commercial success but critics’ disapproval.

课后挑战：

1.获胜队受到欣喜若狂的粉丝的欢呼雀跃。

2.当我走进门时，看到一副可怕的场景。

答案：

1. The winning team was greeted by the cheers of an ecstatic crowd of fans.

2. When I entered, I was greeted by a horrible sight.

同义词：meet

sb. be met with sth.

sth. meet sb

sth. meet sb’s eyes/ears

《火焰杯》

The blast of noise that met Harry's ears when the portrait opened almost knocked him backward. Next thing he knew, he was being wrenched inside the common room by about a dozen pairs of hands, and was facing the whole of Gryffindor House, all of whom were screaming, applauding, and whistling.

本课重点词汇总结

1. tolerant a. 宽容的

food intolerance 食物不耐受

Zero tolerance 零容忍

2. guilty a. 有罪的；内疚的

3. hardened a. 老练的、老司机的

callous a. 麻木不忍的

4. officious a. 爱指手画脚的

official a. 正式的／ n. 官员 officer n. 官员

5. go through v.

1) 穿过、穿行

2) 仔细地逐个儿检查

3）To undergo, suffer, experience. 遭受

6. pounce v. 

1) （野兽或者飞禽）猛扑、突袭（猎物等）

2）（尽全力）抓住（提供的事物、或者机会等）

7. exempt a./ v. 免去的；豁免

8. unscrew v. 旋开、拧开

9. greet v. 感知到（比如闻到、看到、听到等）

    同义词：meet