11 实义动词

主播：CC

一、动词的概念

   动词是用来描述主语做什么（行为、动作），或表示主语是什么、怎么样（状态）的词。它在句中作谓语，是句中不可缺少的部分。

举个例子

  这个男孩跑得快 The boy runs fast 这句话当中runs表示主语的行为

  他是个男孩 He is a boy 这句话中 is a boy表示的是主语的状态

二、动词的分类

  动词可以按照它们在句中的作用分成四类，即实义动词（也称行为动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。

这一期我们先来学习

三、实义动词

   实义动词是表示行为、动作或状态的动词。它的意义完整，在句中可以单独作谓语。

比如它有一张圆脸 It has a round face这里的has就是实义动词

实义动词按照后面能不能直接跟宾语这一标准，可以分为

1、及物动词和不及物动词

（1）及物动词后面可以直接跟宾语，比如

Give me some ink,please 请给我一些墨水！

（2）不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语，必须加上介词或者副词构成动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，再加宾语

He worked out the problem 他解决了这个问题

实义动词也可以按照动作的持续性分为

2、延续性动词与非延续性动词

（1）延续性动词指的是动作可以持续一段时间或者更长时间。

常见的动词有study play read learn drive write clean sleep talk wait等

（2）非延续性动词指的是动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂，也称为终止性动词

比如 begin start finish go come leave find arrive reach stop

下面我们看一下

3、延续性动词的用法

（1）用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已经结束

比如他学英语已有三年了

He has studied English for three years.

（2）在完成时中能与表示延续一段时间的状语连用，而非延续性动词不能

比如他的父亲跟老师谈了半个小时

His parent stalked with the teacher for half an hour.

接下来我们来学习

4、非延续性动词的用法

（1）非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已经结束

比如他已经入党了 He has joined the Party.

  妈妈不在家，他去图书馆了 Mum isn’t at home.She has gone to the library.

（2）如果与一段时间状语连用，要用相应的延续性动词来替换

比如他参军已经有三年了 He has been in the army for three years.

这句话中因为有时间状语for three years 所以我们要用延续性动词has been，而不能用has joined

这样非延续动词转换为延续性动词的例子还有很多

Come可以变成be here

Come back可以变为be back

Go/leave可以变为be away

Buy可以变为have

Borrow可以变为keep

Die可以变为be dead

Finish可以变为be over

Join可以变为be in

Begin/start 可以变为be on

片尾曲：Love Story

作曲 : Taylor Swift
作词 : TaylorSwift
We were both young when I first saw you
I closed my eyes and the flashback starts
I'm standing there
On a balcony in summer air

See thelights see the party the ball gowns
I see you make your way through the crowd
And say hello
Little did I know
That you were Romeo you were throwing pebbles
你就是罗密欧，你扔石子（敲打窗户来找我）
And my daddy said stay away from Juliet
我爸爸说：「离朱丽叶远点」
And I was crying on the staircase
我在楼梯里不停地哭泣
Begging you please don't go
And I said
Romeo take me somewhere we can be alone
I'll be waiting all there's left to do is run
You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess
It's a love story
Baby just say yes
So I sneak out to the garden to see you
We keep quiet cause we're dead if they knew
So close your eyes
Escape this town for a little while

Oh oh
Oh oh
Cause you were Romeo I was the scarlet letter
And my daddy said stay away from Juliet
But you were my everything to me
I was begging you please don't go