15 情态动词（下）

1、shall、should和ought to的用法

1)shall的用法

①征求对方意见，用于第一人称的疑问句中

What time shall I come?

我什么时候来？

Shal I turn on the light?

要不要我把灯打开？

②用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的承诺、决心、警告、威胁等

He shall have the book when I finish reading.

当我读完这本书他就可以看了。

③用在法令、条约、规章等文件中表示义务或规定

Eachcitizen shall carry his identification card when travelling

旅行时每个公民务必带是身份证。

2)should/ought的用法

①用于表示现在或将来的义务或责任，意为“应该”

You should/ought to respect your teachers.

你们应该尊敬你们的老师。

②表示推测

He should/ought to arrive by now

他现在按说应该到了

③should还可以表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒等情感，意为“竟然”

It's strange that he should be late.

真奇怪他竟然会迟到。

2、will，would的用法

1)表示意愿，用于各种人称的陈述句中。

If you like the book, I'll give it to you.

如果你喜欢这本书，我愿意把它给你。

would常指过去的意愿

2)表示请求，用于疑问句。当用would时语气更委婉

Will you close the window?

请你关上窗户好吗？

3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总是，惯于”。would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，后面接表示动作的动词，不能接表示状态的词

I would like to turn down your suggestions.

我想拒绝你的建议。

As we know, water will boil at 100°C.

众所周知，水到100摄氏度就会沸腾。

3、“情态动词＋have done”的用法

 “情态动词＋have done”总体上是表示对过去所发生事情的判断、推测等。

1)must+have done 用于肯定句，表示推测，意为“一定做了”。

否定形式：can't/couldn't have done

如 It must have rained last night for the ground is wet

昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。

2)can/could+ have done

①用于否定句或疑问句，表示过去能做而未做

He could have walked out of the desert

他本来能够走出沙漠的。

②用于否定句或疑问句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)做了”。

Where can/could she have gone?

她可能到哪里去了呢？

3)may/might+have done

表示或许已经做了，主要用于否定句和肯定句中，might的语气更弱，在否定句中表示可能不

 It's too late .He may have gone to bed

太晚了，他或许已经睡了。

4)should/oughtto + have done 表示本来应该做而实际上未做

你本来应该多给她些帮助的。You should have given her more help.

5)shouldn't/oughtn'tto +have done 表示本来不应该做却做了

你本来不应该告诉她真相的。You shouldn't have told her the truth.

6)needn't+have done 表示本来不必做却做了

你本来不必浇花的。You needn't have watered the flowers

英文歌：How to love

One two three

I been running from the pain

Trying not to feel the same

But it's a shame that we're sinking

See my confidence is shaking

And my heart is feeling vacant

So you try to fill it in

You say "I can fix the broken in yourheart

You're worth saving darling"

But I don't know why you're shooting in thedark

I got faith in nothing

But love, pray for me

I never had somebody

So I don't know how to love

Pray for me

I know I need somebody

So I can learn how to love

I know it's been a while

Cause my memory's on trial

For the way I used to be

My head is running miles

Round in circles and I try

To find the little light in me