16 介词及介词短语

一、介词总述

介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，其后必须接宾语，介词一般用于名词、代词或者作用相当于名词的其他词类、短语或者从句前面，介词与其宾语一起构成介词短语。

二、介词的分类

1、按结构分类

1)简单介词:由一个单词构成的介词

如in, on, with, by, for, at, about, under, of, 等

2)合成介词:由两个词合在一起构成的介词

如into, within, throughout, inside, outside, without等

3)分词介词:由现在分词或过去分词转化而来的介词

如considering,regarding,respecting.including.given等

4)短语介词:由两个或两个以上的介词构成，其作用只相当于一个介词

如according to, because of, by means of, in addition to等

2、按意义分类

1)表示时间的介词 at, in, on, during, for, before, after, since, until

2)表示地点的介词 at in, on, to, above, over, on, below, under,in front of, in thefront of, beside

3)表示方式的介词 by with,in

4)表示原因的介词 for, with, because of

5)表示条件的介词 without, considering, in case of

6)表示让步的介词 despite, in spite of

7)表示比较的介词 over, like, as

三、介词短语

1、介词短语的概念

介词短语，是介词和其它代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语，该短语主要是用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系。

2.、介词短语的类型

1)介词+名词

There is a dog at the door.门口有条狗。

Please put your book into your schoolbag请把你的书放到你的书包里。

2)介词+代词

What can I do for you?我能为你做点什么吗？

3)介词形容词

你的计划远非完美。You plan is far from perfect.

总之，我们应尽最大努力去救她In short. we should try our best to save her

4)介词+副词 He shouted from below他从下面大喊

 5)介词+动名词

 She spent the whole moring in reading 她整个上午都在读书。

6)介词+不定式

He has no choice but to wait for his mother.除了等他妈妈，他别无选择。

She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。

7)介词+介词短语

 Tom run from across the street.汤姆从街道对面跑过来。

8)介词+数词

 In nine out of ten he won't come 他十有八九不来了。

9)介词+连接副词/连接代词+不定式

 That depends on which method to take.那取决于采用哪种方法。

10)介词+连接副词/连接代词引导的从句

She asked to be informed of which university was the best for her

她请求被告知哪所大学最适合她。

四、介词短语的句法功能

1、作状语

介词短语作状语可以表示时间、地点、方式、条件、目的和原因等

I'm just going to sleep for half an hour.

我打算再睡半小时。（介词短语表示时间）

I'd have crashed the car but for your warming.

要不是你的警告，我会把车撞坏的。（介词短语表示条件）

2、作定语

She seems to know the solution to the problem.

她似乎知道这个问题的解决办法。

It's a double room with a sea view.

那是一个有海景的双人房间。

3、作表语

The decision is of great importance to me.

这项决定对于我事关重大。

The museum is just across the street.

博物馆就在街对面。

4、作宾语补足语

He considered the painting of little value.

他认为这幅画没有什么价值。

I found the dress out of fashion.

我发现这件连衣裙过时了。

英文歌：shape of you

The club isn't thebest place to find a lover
So the bar is where I go
Me and my friends at the table doing shots
Drinking faster and then we talk slow

You come over andstart up a conversation with just me
And trust me I'll give it a chance now
Take my hand, stop, Put Van The Man on the jukebox
And then we start to dance, and now I'm singing like

Girl, you know I want your love
Your love was handmade for somebody like me
Come on now, follow my lead
I may be crazy, don't mind me, say
Boy, let's not talk too much
Grab on my waist and put that body on me
Come on now, follow my lead
Come—come on now, follow my lead

I'm in love with the shape of you
We push and pull like a magnet do
Although my heart is falling too
I'm in love with your body
Last night you were in my room
And now my bedsheets smell like you
Every day discovering something brand new
I'm in love with your body
Oh—i—oh—i—oh—i—oh—i
Oh—i—oh—i—oh—i—oh—i
I'm in love with your body
Oh—i—oh—i—oh—i—oh—i
Oh—i—oh—i—oh—i—oh—i
I'm in love with your body
Oh—i—oh—i—oh—i—oh—i
Oh—i—oh—i—oh—i—oh—i