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主题 原因状语从句家族的“六小花旦”

now that…  既然、由于

Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.

如今由于在山里挖了隧道，翻越山口已不那么危险了。但每年还要派狗到雪地里去帮助那些遇到困难的旅游者。

分析：

1) now that的时间观

Now thatyou mention it, I am kind of hungry.（现成的）

既然你提到了，我确实有点饿了。

Now that you have finished you wok, you may go. （刚刚发生的）

既然你的工作已经做完,你可以走了。

2）now that的逻辑观

Now that I've got a car I can visit her more often.

既然我现在有车了，我就可以多多地去看望她。

Now that we're all here, let's start the meeting.

既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。

3）位置：主句前后都可以。

Now that we're all here, let's start the meeting.

= Let's start the meetingnow that everyone's here.

4）now that可以省略that

Now (that) you’re settled, why don't you take up some serious study?

既然你已经安顿下来了，为什么不开始正经地学点东西呢？

Considering (that)  鉴于；考虑到

1）作为连接词

Considering (that) he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.

鉴于他才刚刚开始，他懂得的已经不少了。

2）作为介词，后面接词组：

Considering the extent of his crimes, he was given a surprisingly short sentence.

鉴于他的罪行严重程度，他出人意料地被轻判了。

3）变体：In consideration of the fact that…

4）Considering that的逻辑观

鉴：指中国古代用来盛水或冰的青铜大盆，后来指青铜制成的镜子。

Considering (that) he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.

—> Despite the fact that he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.

虽然他才刚刚开始，他懂得的已经不少了。

Considering the extent of his crimes, he was given a surprisingly short sentence.

—> Despite the extent of his crimes, he was given a surprisingly short sentence.

虽然他罪行的严重，却出人意料地被轻判了。

课后挑战 

考虑到他年事已高，他的精力可算是十分充沛了。

Seeing (that) …

1)眼见为实 Seeing is believing.

I see what you're saying. 我明白你的说的意思。

I see = I understand = I get what you’re saying.

2) Seeing that the boss wasn't around, we took it easy.

既然老板不在，我们就随意随意了。

Seeing that she lacks experience in this field, we have decided to decline her application.

由于她在这个领域缺乏经验，我们已决定婉拒她的申请。

3)变体：In view of the fact that…

In view of the fact that she lacks experience in this field, we have decided to decline her application.

Given that …

When evaluating this math problem, don't forget to read the givens.

这道数学题审题时，别忘了读一读已知条件。

1）given  prep.

Given the current situation, I don't think that's possible.

就目前状况来看，我觉得那不太可能。

Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.

考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。

2）given that…  conj. 

Given that ordinary people are bombarded by all kinds of ads, selecting a suitable product is not that easy.

由于普通人被各种各样的广告狂轰滥炸，要选出合适的产品并不是一件轻而易举的事儿。

It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much.

令人惊奇的是，该政府把税收提高这么多, 他们居然再次当选了。

…in that…

This essay is a good one in that it comprehensively outlines all the major arguments on this issue.

这篇文章写得很好，全面勾勒了该事件的所有主要论点。

变体：in the fact that…

In light of…

light = knowledge

shed light on sth. 使得sth.为人所明白；阐明sth.的原因

=shed knowledge on sth.

The new study may shed light on the cause of SIDS.

这项新的研究为揭秘SIDS投入了一道光芒。

(新生婴儿猝死综合症：sudden infant death syndrome）

bring sth. to light  让某事为人所知、曝光、揭露某事

= bring sth. to everyone’s knowledge

In light of = In the knowledge of sth.

In light of the frequent kidnappings, do you suppose someone could invent a small tracking device that could be woven onto clothing and hard to find on it so that when someone gets kidnapped, the tracking devices could pin down their location?

课后挑战答案：

Considering his old age, he is really energetic.