3册-008*******************************

1.  famous, renowned, infamous, notorious, obscure

1)课文中的famous:  known or recognized by many people.

The postbox instantly became famous after it was featured in one of LuHan’s photographs.

2). renowned: known and admired by many people for some special quality or achievement.

The restaurantis renowned for its wine list.

这家餐厅因其佳酿而闻名遐迩。

 a renownedscientist

 一位有声望的科学家

Harry Potter: famous

Professor Dumbledore: a renowned wizard

如果说famous更强调外力，renowned则指向内功。

A famous person is not necessarily a renowned person, but a renowned person must be famous. famous:中性偏褒义，而renowned 绝对的褒义词。

3). infamous的2个使用误区

infamous [ˈɪnfəməs] 

a. 名声狼藉的、臭名远扬的

Lord Voldemort was infamous for his relentless pursuit of the dark arts.

伏地魔因玩儿命追求黑暗魔法而臭名远扬。

4). notorious

Lord Voldemort was notorious for his cruelty towards others. 

伏地魔是出了名的残忍。

The test is notoriously difficult.

这项考试是出了名的难。

5).obscure a. 不出名的

renowned Professor Dumbledore

famous Harry Potter

infamous or notorious Lord Voldemort

Bill－a curse-breaker for Gringotts

Charle－a dragon-tamer

Fred and George－the twin-brothers

Someone unknown, someone almost invisible next to Harry Potter, someone obscure.

an obscure actress 十八线小演员

an obscure writer 名不见经传的作家

live in obscurity 在默默无闻中生活

She rose from obscurity to renown.

从无名到著名，从默默无闻到名扬天下。

2.  found  v. 建立

The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away.

11世纪建造的著名的圣伯纳德修道院位于距离山口1英里远的地方。

1）found是find的过去式／过去分词：“发现” find-found-found

2）found本身又是一个动词原形：“建立” found-founded-founded

3）a pathfinder：a person or group that is the first to do something and that makes it possible for others to do the same thing =开拓者、开创者＝ a trailblazer

Coco Chanel was a pathfinder of the fashion world. 时尚圈的弄潮儿

Steve Jobs was a technological pathfinder. 技术先驱、领军人物。 

a company founder 公司创始人

4）the findings of a research 

一项调查的结果

the founding fathers of a country 

一个国家的开国元勋们

the founding members of the United Nations 

联合国的创始成员国

3. 几百年来，圣伯纳德修道院驯养的狗拯救了许多翻越这道山口的旅游者的生命。

For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass.

复习4个拯救：save, rescue, salvage和redeem

4.  attempt  n./v.企图、试图 约等于try to do sth.

尽管修通了隧道，但仍有一些人想冒险徒步跨越圣伯纳德山口。Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.

attempt to do sth. = make an attempt to do sth. = make an attempt at sth.

attempted a. 未遂的

attempted murder 谋杀未遂

attempted escape 逃跑未遂

attempted kidnap 绑架未遂

attempted assassination —> an assassination attempt 暗杀未遂

从一个想法的诞生—>计划的行程—>具体行动—>各种结果

5. enclosure  n. = an area that is surrounded by a wall, fence 围栏

由于来人太多，狗被关在专门的围栏里。As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a specialenclosure.

enclosure n. = an area that is surrounded by a wall, fence 围栏

enclose v.

1）＝to surround sth. 包围、围绕

High walls enclose the courtyard. = High walls surround the courtyard. 院子四周围着高墙。

2）把某物包裹起来

Enclose the fish in foil and bake. 用锡纸把鱼先包起来再烤。

3）附上，作为附件一起

She enclosed a photo with her application. 她在申请中附上了照片。

6.气温下降到零下30度，试图酷跨越山口的人寥寥无几。

The temperature drops to -30 and very few people attempted to cross the Pass.

drop / plummet

1) drop：to change to a lower level, amount, position.

His voice dropped as he told us the secret. 他压低了嗓音向我们透露了秘密。

The team has dropped to the third place. 该队排位已跌至第三。

The prices kept dropping. 价格持续走低。

He dropped behind the other runners after he hurt his ankle. 

脚踝受伤后，他落后于其他选手了。

2) plummet: to fall or drop suddenly in amount, or value.

Stock prices plummeted 40 percent during the company’s scandal. 

这家公司的丑闻被曝光后，股票价格一时间猛跌4成。

Temperatures are expected to plummet this weekend. 

预计本周末气温将会骤降。

The city’s population plummets when people leave for the Spring Festival holidays. 

春节放假期间，城里的人口骤减。

7. 怎么表达“喜好”？

1)修道士们喜欢冬天，而不太喜欢夏天。因为在冬天，他们可以更多地过上无人打扰的生活。

The monksprefer winter tosummer for they have more privacy.

I prefer coffee to tea. 相比较茶，我更喜欢咖啡。

相对流行乐，我更喜欢爵士。

 I prefer jazz to pop music.

2) choose between A and B   在AB之间选择

choose A over B   选A不选B.

He chose happiness over wealth. = He chose happiness instead of wealth.

他宁要幸福而舍弃财富。

3)  sth. would not be my first choice. 某物不会是我的第一选择

sth. would not be on the top of my list. 某物不在我的首选单上。

French fries would not be my first choice for dinner. 炸薯条不会是我的晚餐首选。

Big cities would not be on the top of my vacation list. 大城市不会是我假期出行的首选之地。

8. wander  v.

狗也比较自由，被放出围栏，四处溜达。

The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.

wander v.= to move around or go to different places usually without having a particular purpose or direction.

She likes wandering about the city. 她喜欢在城里四处溜达。

引申：wander from/off v.

We are wandering from our original plan. 我们离原始计划越走越远了。

The speech wandered off the subject. 演讲跑题了。

扩展：

saunter v. = to walk along in a slow and relaxed manner = stroll v. 散步，漫步

take a stroll (n.)= take a saunter (n.)

march v. 士兵行军步; 大步流星地走 = to walk somewhere quickly and in a direct and forceful way.

He marched into the office and demanded an immediate answer. 他大步流星地冲劲办公室，要求立刻有人回答他的问题。

比喻：on the march = going forward:  Time is on the march. (n.) 时间不等人。

9.party  n. 群，组

冬天常来修道院参观的只有一批批滑雪者。他们在圣诞节或复活节到那儿去。

The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.

1）party 群组的情感色彩

a bench of judges 一群法官

a galaxy of celebrities 一群名流

an orchestra of musicians 一群乐师

a cast of actors 一群演员

a troupe of dancers 一群舞者

an army of soldiers 一队士兵

a pack of paparazzi 一群狗仔队

a swarm of journalists 一群记者

10.receive的变脸戏法：除了“收到”和“受到”，receive还有哪些含义？

这些热爱高山清静环境的年轻人每年都受到圣伯纳德修道院的热俩欢迎。

These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, alwaysreceivea warm welcome at St. Bernard’s monastery.

课后挑战

receive a letter/a reply 收到一封信／回复

receive a warm welcome 受到热烈欢迎

receive an award  ______奖

receive guests/visitors ______宾客／来访者

receive signals ________信号

receive a salary / a grant / a bonus _________薪水／经费／津贴（奖金）

receive a bribe _________贿赂

receive help / support ________帮助／支持

receive advice/guidance ________建议／指导

receive recognition _______认可

receive compliments _______赞美

receive an order ______命

课后挑战答案：

receive an award 得 奖

receive guests/visitors 款待／接待宾客／来访者

receive signals_接收_信号

receive a salary / a grant / a bonus领取薪水／经费／津贴（奖金）

receive a bribe  收下 贿赂

receive help / support  获得 帮助／支持

receive advice/guidance采纳 建议／指导

receive recognition得到 认可

receive compliments笑纳 赞美

receive an order领命

本课重点词汇总结

1.famous、renowned、infamous, notorious, obscure

2. found v. 建立

3.复习4个拯救：save, rescue, salvage和redeem

4.attempt n./v. 企图、试图

5. enclosure n.  围栏

enclose v. 包围、包裹、附上

6. drop  v.  降低

plummet  v. 骤降

7. prefer…to

choose…over…

sth. would not be my first choice. 某物不会是我的第一选择

sth. would not be on the top of my list. 某物不在我的首选单上。

8. wander v. 溜达

wander off/from  跑题、偏离

saunter v. = stroll v. 散步、漫步

march v. 行军、大步流星地走

9. 群组的情感色彩

10. receive的变脸戏法