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一. 设问句 

Has it ever happened to you?

这种事在你身上出现过吗？

Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket?你有没有把裤子塞进洗衣机，然后又想起裤子后兜里头有张大面额的纸币？

When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white?

当你把裤子抢救出来的时候，有没有发现那张纸币意见变得比白色还白呢？

1）第一个问号：欲擒故纵

 代词it：后指

2）第二个问号：问题的具体内容

强烈代入感，阅读动能得到延续

3）第三个问号：问题的高潮

看似是结局，实则是开端。

4）目的：eye-catching

例一：1965年美国奥斯卡最佳影片The Sound of Music《音乐之声》中的一首著名歌曲

How do you solve a problem like Maria?  我们该拿玛利亚怎么办好呢？

How do you catch a cloud and pin it down? 我们该如何追逐白云？

How do you solve a problem like Maria?  我们该拿玛利亚怎么办好呢？

How do you keep a wave upon the sand? 我们该如何将海浪留在沙滩上？

How do you solve a problem like Maria?  我们该拿玛利亚怎么办好呢？

How do you hold a moonbeam in your hand? 我们该如何将月光握紧手中？

分析：设问＋排比＋暗喻：cloud, wave, moonbeam

Answer a question with another question

例二：英国著名戏剧家、诗人William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚的一首14行诗

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? 

thee＝you的宾格

分析：

自问自答：Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 你可比那夏日更可爱温良。

Thou＝you的主格形式

art＝are.

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:

或许我可用夏日把你来比方？

但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。

夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊，

夏季的期限也未免还不太长。

二. 情态动词need 

1.基本面梳理

1) 同时具备实意动词和情态动词双重身份。

2)作为实意动词: 有变位，

第三人称单数needs,

过去式/过去分词needed,

现在分词needing. 

用法：直接加名词—> sb. needs sth.,

加不定式to do—> sb. needs to do sth, 或者A needs B to do sth.;

3)作为情态动词: 无变位

用法：直接加动词原型—> sb. need do sth,

否定式sb. need not do sth.= sb. needn’t do sth.

sb. needn’t have done sth.本不需要做某事，

You needn’t have brought me a present. Your coming here is the best present.

你不必给我带礼物来啊（客套），你能来我就最开心了。

4) 课文里的原句：

People who live in Britain needn’t despair when they make mistakes like this.

当英国人犯这种错误的时候，他们不必感到绝望。

分析：

这句里的need就是情态用法中的否定式need not, 缩写形式needn’t，后面的despair是动词原形形式。可以替换成实意动词的用法：don’t need to despair，两者意思是一样的。

2. need的高端用法

概述：need单挑must, ought to, should, have to：这场没有硝烟，没有流血的词汇之战，need已经赢了。

分析：

1）need自带“温柔光环”

比较：You should do sth.  VS  I need you to do sth.

you should do sth.：更为“凶悍”、“彪悍”、“对方高高在上、自己被居高临下”；

I need you to do sth.：打上了一层“防撞贴条”，语气上软化

Put away your toys now. 对比I need you to put away your toys now.

I need you to tell me something, Steve, about last Friday night. Do you remember last Friday night, Steve?

I need you to come visit me 3 times a weeks, can you do that for me?

结论：

I need you to do sth.一定程度上解除了听者的戒备与抵触心理，比you should do sth.更容易获得对方的服从。

2）sth. needs to be done = sth. needs doing 里的暗藏心机

小A说：The trash needs to be taken out. 垃圾要带出去呀。

小B说: The dishes need to be washed. 餐盘要洗洗呀。

小C说: The room needs to be cleaned up. 屋子要打扫打扫呀。

小D君：……

分析：用sth. need to be done来“踢皮球”。

结论：不捅破做事人应该是谁，把话搁在那里，让听者自己拿捏呗。

3）need的崛起&祈使语气的没落

Do Not Smoke. 对比 I need you not to smoke.

Sit down. 对比 I need you to sit down.

Listen up. 对比 I need you to listen up.

结论：英语追求“迂回留有余地”、“显得彬彬有礼”、“不得罪人”的趋势，使得祈使句很少使用，导致替代品need to则高频出镜。

三、后置定语变轻巧 

Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team(called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog.)

对英国人来说，值得庆幸的是英国银行有一个残钞鉴别组，负责处理那些把钱塞进机器或者塞给狗的人所提出的索赔要求。

分析：

a team called Mutilated Ladies

a boy called Tom

a girl called Susan

a city called Shanghai

a team(which is)可精简成分 called Mutilated Ladies

a teamwhich iscalled Mutilated Ladies which deals with…笨重

课后挑战：请用简略的方法表达下面的后置性定语

1）a boy who was riding a bike

2）a room which looks over a huge garden

3）a table which stands in the middle of the room

4）a dog which is running towards Tom

四.  so long as和as long as的用法总结

课文原句：So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back. 只要有东西可供识别，我们会把钱还给人家的。

1. 比较长度: as...as...和形容词long搭配，表示”跟什么一样长”，比如

My rope is as long as yours.

我的绳子跟你的一样长。

否定形式：My rope is not as long as yours. 我的绳子没你的长。

此时，可以换成so long as, 即= My rope is not so long as yours.

2. 条件状语从句家族的固定连接词组，意思是“只要”，表示一种底线要求，此时，as long as可以换成so long as，两者意思一样，so long as略微正式古雅一些，as long as偏日常口语一些。

Back Street Boys—>As Long As You Love Me 《只要你爱我》

莎士比亚Sonnet 18的最后两句里面:

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸，

我诗必长存，使你万世流芳。

3.引导原因状语：“既然”，相当于since:

As long as you're here, you may as well help me with the garden.

既然你在这儿，就帮我一起打理打理花园吧。

此时也不能替换成so long as.

结论：as long as 和 so long as 可以互换的场景只有2个

1）长度同级比较的否定式：not as long as = not so long as

2) 引导条件状语从“只要”: 基本含义一致，语气略有差异（正式／非正式）

课后挑战答案：

1）a boy riding a bike

2) a room looking over a huge garden

3) a table standing in the middle of the room

4) a dog running towards Tom