7. 精讲-总拿孩子作比较,后果会怎样?

7. 精讲-总拿孩子作比较,后果会怎样?

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7. 总拿孩子作比较,后果会怎样?

The Problem with Telling Children They’re Better Than Others

科学美国人


When parents ask, “What grade did you get?” there is a common follow-up question:“So who got the highest grade?” Most social comparisons are so common in dailylife that they are usually glossed over.


Social comparisons are well intentioned: we want to make children feel proud and motivate them to achieve. Yet social comparisons can backfire: children can learn to always compare themselves with those around them and become trapped in a vicious cycle of competition.


One well-known strategy to eliminate social comparisons is to provide children with participation trophies. Such awards, however, may not abolish social comparisons: despite receiving the same trophy, children are sensitive to even minor differences in performance between themselves and others. High-performingchildren who receive the same prize as low-performing ones may feel unjustly treatedand look down on the latter group. More generally, those who receive unwarranted rewards may come to believe that they are entitled to recognitionand admiration. Indeed, lavishing children with praise can, in some cases,cultivate narcissism, research shows.


How,then, can we make children feel proud of themselves and motivate them without the unwanted side effects? We believe a better approach is to use temporal comparisons—encouraging children to compare themselves with their past self rather than with others, such as by assessing how much they have learned orimproved themselves. When children compare themselves with their past self,they don’t compete with others.


What,then, can parents and teachers do with this knowledge? For one, parents and teacherscan praise children’s improvement over time to let them know they are making progress and heading in the right direction. Also, teachers can create learning contexts that track children’s own progress over time, such as report cardsthat display their changes in learning and performance. By doing so, adults teach children that outperforming oneself is more important than outperforming others and that even small victories may be celebrated.


总拿孩子作比较,后果会怎样?


今日导读

生活似乎永远都是在比较,你是别人的参考对象,别人也是你的参考对象。就比如父母常说的:“你看人家的孩子,6岁跳舞就跳的这么好。”“你看人家的孩子,考试总是第一名。” “你看人家的孩子…”这样一句句看似简单的话语,却如一根根隐形的刺埋进了孩子们的心里。也许家长说完便忘了,又或许家长们只是希望用这种方式来激励孩子,但他们却没想到,这些话会对孩子的成长产生消极负面的影响,并不利于孩子的心理健康。那么,我们怎样才能让孩子们获得自信,为自己感到自豪呢?这就需要家长们善用比较法了。下面就和小董老师一起去看看吧!


带着问题听讲解

1.   让孩子获得自豪感的正确方式是什么?

2.   “过分给予”在文中是怎么表达的?

3.   “glossover sth”是什么意思?


内容精讲

The Problem with Telling Children They’re BetterThan Others

告诉孩子们他们比别人优秀的问题


When parents ask, “What gradedid you get?” there is a common follow-up question: “So who got thehighest grade?” Most social comparisons are so common in daily life that theyare usually glossed over.


当父母问“你考了多少分?”时,还会有一个常见的后续问题,那就是“那谁得了最高分?”大多数社会比较在日常生活十分普遍,因而常常会被忽略。


follow-up /ˈfɒləʊ ʌp/ adj. 后续的

gloss over sth. 掩盖,掩饰

近义词组:belooked over 被轻视,被忽视

关联词:gloss/ɡlɒs/ n. 虚假的外表,光泽


Social comparisons are wellintentioned: we want to make children feel proud and motivate themto achieve. Yet social comparisons can backfire: children can learn toalways compare themselves with those around them and become trapped in a vicious cycle of competition.


社会比较是善意的,我们想让孩子感到自豪,并激励他们取得成就。但它也可能会适得其反,孩子们会将自己与周围的人进行比较,从而陷入竞争的恶性循环。


well intentioned adj.出于好心的,善意的

关联词:intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 意图,目的

motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ v. 激发,激励

词根:mot (动)

backfire /bækˈfaɪə(r)/ v. 产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果

trap /træp/ v. 使落入险境,使陷入困境

vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/ adj. 恶劣的,严重的


One well-known strategy to eliminate social comparisons is to provide children with participation trophies.Such awards, however, may not abolish social comparisons: despitereceiving the same trophy, children are sensitive to even minor differences in performance between themselves and others. High-performingchildren who receive the same prize as low-performing ones may feel unjustly treated and look down on the latter group.Moregenerally, those who receive unwarranted rewards may come to believethat they are entitled to recognition and admiration. Indeed, lavishing children with praise can, in some cases, cultivate narcissism, researchshows.


消除社会比较的一个众所周知的策略是给孩子们颁发奖杯,然而这样的奖励可能不会消除社会比较,因为尽管获得了同样的奖励,但孩子们对自己与他人之间的细微差异还是会很敏感。成绩好的孩子如果和成绩差的孩子得到同样的奖励,他们可能就会觉自己受到了不公平的对待,而且还会看不起后者。通常来讲,那些得到不合理奖励的人可能也会认为他们是有资格得到认可和赞赏的。事实上,研究表明,在某些情况下,过分夸奖孩子会让他们变得自恋。


eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ v. 排除,消除

trophy /ˈtrəʊfi/ n. 奖品,奖杯

abolish/əˈbɒlɪʃ/ v. 废除,消除

近义词:eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ v. 消除

be sensitive to对…感到敏感

sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 敏感的(仪器或人)

minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/adj. 次要的,较小的

performance /pəˈfɔːməns/n. 表现

high-performingadj. 表现好的,成绩好的

low-performing adj. 表现差的,成绩差的

unjustly /ʌnˈdʒʌstli/ adv. 不公平的地,非正当地

关联词:just /dʒʌst/adj. 公正的,正当的

look down on看不起,轻视

unwarranted /ʌnˈwɒrəntɪd/ adj. 无根据的,无保证的

关联词:warrant /ˈwɒrənt/ n. 搜查令,授权令

be entitled to有权,有资格…

lavish /ˈlævɪʃ/ v. 过分给予,滥施

词根:lav (流动,液体)

关联词:lavatory /ˈlævətri/ n. 盥洗室,卫生间

cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ v. 培养,逐渐形成

narcissism /ˈnɑːsɪsɪzəm/n. 自恋

关联词:narcissist /ˈnɑːsɪsɪst/ n. 自恋者

narcissus/nɑːˈsɪsəs/ n. 水仙花


How, then, can we make childrenfeel proud of themselves and motivate them without the unwanted side effects?We believe a better approach is to use temporal comparisons—encouraging children to compare themselves with their past selfrather than with others, such as by assessing how much they have learnedor improved themselves.When children compare themselves with their pastself, they don’t compete with others.


那么,我们怎样才能让孩子们为自己感到自豪,并在不产生副作用的情况下激励他们呢?我们认为更好的方法是使用时间上的比较,也就是要鼓励孩子们将自己与过去的自己进行比较,而不是与他人进行比较,比如可以评估他们学会了多少或者提高了多少。当孩子们把自己和过去的自己进行比较时,他们就不会和别人竞争了。


sideeffects 副作用,不良影响

temporal /ˈtempərəl/ adj. 时间的,现世的

词根:temp (时间)

关联词:temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 短暂的,临时的

assess /əˈses/ v. 评估

关联词:assessment /əˈsesmənt/ n. 评估


What, then, can parents andteachers do with this knowledge? For one, parents and teachers can praise children’s improvement over time to let them know they are making progress and heading in the right direction. Also, teachers can create learning contexts that track children’s own progress over time, such as report cards that display their changes in learning and performance. By doing so,adults teach children that outperforming oneself is more important thanoutperforming others and that even small victories may be celebrated.


那么,家长和老师能利用这些知识做些什么呢?首先,家长和老师可以赞扬孩子们的进步,让他们知道自己正在进步,正在朝着正确的方向前进。此外,老师可以创造学习环境,跟踪孩子们久而久之的进步情况,例如可以显示他们在学习和表现上发生变化的报告卡。这样做的话,成年人会教会孩子们,超越自己比超越他人更重要,即使是小的胜利也值得庆祝。


praise/preɪz/ v. 表扬,赞扬

head /hed/ v. 前进,出发

track/træk/ v. 跟踪,追踪

display /dɪˈspleɪ/v. 显示,展现

over time 久而久之,随着时间的变化

outperform/aʊtpəˈfɔːm/v. 超过,胜过

关联词:outlive /aʊtˈlɪv/ v. 活得比…久

outrun/aʊtˈrʌn/ v. 跑的比…快

例句:Do you think we can outrun bear?

Idon’t need to outrun bear, I just need to outrun you.


长难句分析


1. We (主语)believe(谓语)(宾语从句)a better approach (从句主语)is (系动词)to use temporal comparisons(表语)—encouraging children to comparethemselves with their past self rather than with others(解释说明), such as by assessing (宾语从句)how much they have learned orimproved themselves.


我们认为更好的方法是使用时间上的比较,也就是要鼓励孩子们将自己与过去的自己进行比较,而不是与他人进行比较,比如可以通过评估他们学会了多少或者提高了多少。


解析:“We”做主语,谓语是“believe”,后面是一个宾语从句,引导词省略了。从句的主语是“a betterapproach”,“is”系动词,后面的不定式短语做表语。破折号后面是对前面“temporalcomparisons”的解释说明,后面的assessing后面接了一个宾语从句。


2. By doing so(方式状语), adults (主语)teach (谓语) children(宾语) that (宾语从句1)outperforming oneself (从句1主语)is (从句1系动词)more important thanoutperforming others (从句1表语)and that (宾语从句2)evensmall victories (从句2主语)may be celebrated(从句2谓语).


这样做的话,成年人会教会孩子们,超越自己比超越他人更重要,即使是小的胜利也值得庆祝。


解析:By doing so”放在句首做方式状语。本句的主语是“adults”,“teach”是谓语,“ children”为宾语,后面是两个由“and”连接的宾语从句。

第一个宾语从句是一个主系表结构,还包含了一个比较结构“more + adj + than”。第二个宾语从句是主谓结构,“may becelebrated”是一个复合谓语。


写作句总结


1.Most social comparisonsare so common indaily life that they are usuallyglossed over.

大多数社会比较在日常生活十分普遍,因而常常会被忽略。


句型:…are so common indaily life that they are usuallyglossed over

本句型的意思是“…在日常生活中是如此常见,以至于经常被忽略”,可以用于引出所要讲述的话题使用。


仿写:Age discrimination is so common in dailylife that it is usually glossed over.

年龄歧视在日常生活中是如此常见,以至于经常被忽略。


2. One well-known strategy toeliminate social comparisonsisto provide children with participation trophies.

消除社会比较的一个众所周知的策略是给孩子们颁发奖杯。


句型:One well-known strategy to… is to…

该句型的意思是“做某事一个众所周知的策略是…”,可以用于提出解决问题的办法时使用。


仿写:One well-known strategy to preventglobal warming is to cut carbon dioxide emission.

防止全球变暖的一个众所周知的策略是减少二氧化碳的排放。


拓展知识


“负性攀比”对孩子来说意味着什么?


父母的比较会让孩子产生挫败感,失去自信心。在某台的综艺节目中,一个女孩告白母亲平日不要再拿她和学霸闺蜜进行比较,也不要用语言对她进行讽刺和打击。女孩在台上激动地对妈妈说:“你看看自己女儿吧!她也很努力的!”可台下的妈妈完全无感,仍是以往的态度,“我认为在你的性格里,要是不打击,你可能就有点飘。”女孩在台上强烈表示了自己不适合激将法,越打击越会觉得自己很差,但是,这位妈妈仍坚持己见,最后女孩哭着跑下了台。


总是将目光停留在别人家孩子的闪光点上和孩子去比较,让孩子产生挫败感,形成自我否定,不敢轻易去尝试,从而失去自信心。父母的比较,让孩子失去自己。有人从小喜欢的就是画画,但是父母总是拿姐姐的钢琴和她进行比较。姐姐的钢琴一直拿到了十级,然后是各种比赛各种拿奖,可是她却什么都没有拿到。她说,她从来都不喜欢弹钢琴,但是她为了让父母开心就努力去学习,可是自己还是比不过姐姐,最终自己不知道自己喜欢的到底是什么?也不知道自己的特长是什么?


人的一生都是在寻找自我的过程,在比较下长大的孩子,自然不快乐。因为他一直不知道自己的位置在哪里。每个孩子的个性都是不同的,他们的成长之路必然就是存在差异的。尺有所短,寸有所长。与其拿孩子去比较,不如放大优点,肯定孩子。当我们用欣赏的目光去看待周围的一切的时候,我们的孩子也会随之发生神奇的变化。不要强求改变孩子的个性,每个孩子都是独立的个体,有其自身成长发展的需求,也有其注定的人生方向,不以我们的意志为转移。所以,我们要接纳孩子原本的个性,这才是进步的前提。


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