8. 精讲-人工智能对医疗保健行业有何影响

8. 精讲-人工智能对医疗保健行业有何影响

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8. 人工智能对医疗保健行业有何影响?

HowArtificial Intelligence Will Change Healthcare

Forbes


Artificial intelligenceoffers an unprecedented opportunity to reshape the practice of healthcare.Ofthe many ways in which AI will transform our lives in the coming years, itsimpact may be more profound and far-reaching in healthcare than in any otherfield. In which specific areas of healthcare can we expect AI to have asignificant impact?


Usingcomputer vision to identify health conditions in medical images has becomeperhaps the most widely referenced use case for AI in healthcare.Examininga medical scan to determine whether a tumor, a skin lesion, a retinal disease,or some other indication is present is a clear-cut example of objectclassification, exactly what deep learning excels at.


Anotherarea in which AI will improve care delivery is patient intake and engagement.Recentadvances in natural language processing have made possible AI-basedconversational interfaces that can automate patient screening and carenavigation.Using AI to automate these interactions can dramatically reducecosts and democratize access to healthcare by making expert health guidanceavailable without the need for human physicians’ expensive time.


Comparedto clinical or life sciences use cases, applying AI to the administrative sideof healthcare may seem unglamorous. But an enormous opportunity for valuecreation exists here. Every time a patient interacts with a healthcareprovider, dozens of support processes take place in the background. The waythis work gets done today is manual and error-prone. There is a massiveopportunity for AI to systematize and automate revenue cycle management, makingit faster, cheaper, and more accurate.


Oneof the foundational challenges standing in the way of a better healthcaresystem is its deeply fragmented data landscape. It is prohibitively difficulttoday to assemble a complete picture of a single patient’s health, a newtreatment’s efficacy, or a population’s health patterns. Because machinelearning thrives on large datasets, these solutions are also laying thegroundwork for boundless future AI innovation. A more integrated data ecosystemwill make possible countless new AI applications in healthcare, most of whichhave not yet even been imagined.


Healthcareis an intimate part of our personal and family lives. No technology can be asilver bullet for a system as complex as modern healthcare. Yet artificialintelligence, perhaps more than any other force in the world, offers thepotential to rewrite the rules of the game. When deployed thoughtfully, AI canupend long-accepted constraints and assumptions about how the healthcare systemworks. It can redefine the relationship between cost, accessibility andquality—one that today is badly broken.


人工智能对医疗保健行业有何影响?


今日导读

近些年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,越来越多的家庭更注重身体健康,因此医疗保健行业逐渐走进我们的视线。一些专家估计,到2025年,医疗保健将占美国GDP的20%以上。虽然需要高质量医疗保健的人数不断增加,但医疗服务提供者的数量却正在减少。因此,越来越多的护理人员正在考虑将人工智能(AI)作为提供精确、有效治疗的可能资源。随着时间的推移,人工智能可以扩大护理提供者的范围和效率,并弥补全球人才短缺。人工智能也将以多种方式重塑医疗保健行业,那么人工智能将在医疗保健的哪些具体领域产生重大影响呢?下面就和小董老师一起去今天的文章中看看吧!


带着问题听讲解

1.  人工智能在医疗保健的哪些具体领域产生了重大影响?

2. “深刻的,意义深远的”在文中是怎么表达的?

3. “silverbullet”是什么意思?


内容精讲


HowArtificial Intelligence Will Change Healthcare

人工智能将如何改变医疗保健


Artificial Intelligence 人工智能

healthcare /ˈhelθkeə/ n.医疗保健


Artificial intelligence offers an unprecedented opportunity to reshape the practice of healthcare.Of the many ways in whichAI will transform our lives in the coming years, its impact may be more profound and far-reaching in healthcare than in any other field.In which specific areas of healthcare can we expect AI to have a significant impact?


人工智能为重塑医疗保健提供了一个前所未有的机会。在未来几年,人工智能将以多种方式改变我们的生活,其中,它对医疗保健的影响可能比其他任何领域都更为深远。我们可以期望人工智能在医疗保健的哪些具体领域产生重大影响呢?


unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ adj. 空前的,无前例的

构词法:un(否定) + pre(提前) + ced(走) + ent (名词后缀) + ed (形容词词尾)

拓展:at an unprecedented speed 以前所未有的速度

reshape /riːˈʃeɪp/ v. 重塑,改造

transform/ trænsˈfɔːm/ v.改变,转换

profound /prəˈfaʊnd/ adj. 深刻的,意义深远的

far-reaching /fɑːˈriːtʃɪŋ/ adj. 影响深远的

impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 冲击,影响(程度深,可以指好的影响)

近义词区分:influence影响(程度低)


Using computer vision to identify health conditionsin medical images has become perhaps the most widely referenced use casefor AI in healthcare.Examining a medical scan to determine whether a tumor, a skin lesion, a retinal disease, or some other indication is present is a clear-cut example of object classification,exactly what deep learning excels at.


利用计算机视觉在医学图像中识别健康状况,可能已经成为人工智能在医疗保健领域最为广泛引用的例子了。通过医学扫描来确定是否存在肿瘤、皮肤损伤、视网膜或其他疾病,是物体分类一个明确的例子,而这正是深度学习所擅长的。


computer vision 计算机视觉,机械视觉

referenced /ˈrefrənst/ adj. 引用的,参考的

关联词:reference /ˈrefrəns/ v./n. 参考,引用

scan /skæn/  v. 扫描

tumor /ˈtuːmə/ n. 肿瘤,肿块

lesion/ˈliːʒən/ n. 损伤,伤口,病变

用法:skin lesion 皮肤病变

retinal /ˈretɪnl/ adj. 视网膜的

indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ n. 迹象,指示

关联词:indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/v. 表明,指出

clear-cut /klɪə ˈkʌt/ adj. 清晰的,轮廓鲜明的

classification /klæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ n. 分类,类别

deep learning 深度学习

excel at 突出,擅长于


Another area in which AI will improve care delivery is patient intake and engagement.Recent advances innatural language processing have made possible AI-based conversational interfaces that can automate patient screening and care navigation.Using AI to automate these interactions can dramatically reduce costs and democratize access to healthcare by making experthealth guidance available without the need for human physicians’expensive time.


人工智能将改善医疗服务的另一个领域是病人的接收和参与。自然语言处理的最新进展使得基于人工智能的对话界面成为可能,这种对话界面可以实现病人筛查和护理导航的自动化。使用人工智能将交互自动化,这样无需医生花费昂贵的时间,就可以提供专业的健康指导,从而极大地降低成本,并使医疗服务民主化。


delivery /dɪˈlɪvərɪ/ n. 交付,递送

intake /ˈɪnˌteɪk/ n. 接收,摄入

engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ n. 参与

advance /ədˈvɑːns/ n. 发展,进展

interface /ˈɪntəfeɪs/ n. 界面

用法:user interface用户界面

automate /ˈɔːtəˌmeɪt/ v. 使自动化

screening /ˈskriːnɪŋ/ n. 筛选,审查

navigation/nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/ n. 导航,导引

interaction /ɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 交流,互动

dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 显著地,剧烈地

democratize /dɪˈmɒkrəˌtaɪz/ v.使普及化,使大众化

相关词:democracy /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/ n. 民主,民主政治

physician /fɪˈzɪʃn/ n. 医师,内科医师

相关词:surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒən/ n. 外科医生


Compared to clinical or life sciences use cases,applying AI to the administrative side of healthcare may seem unglamorous.But an enormous opportunity for value creation exists here. Every time apatient interacts with a healthcare provider, dozens of support processes takeplace in the background. The way this work gets done today is manual and error-prone. There is a massive opportunity for AI to systematize and automate revenue cycle management, making it faster, cheaper, andmore accurate.


与临床或生命科学用例相比,将人工智能应用于医疗保健的管理方面似乎并不吸引人,但这里存在着创造价值的巨大机会。每次患者与医疗保健提供者交互时,都会在后台发生数十个支持流程。目前完成这项工作的方式是手工的,而且容易出错。人工智能有巨大的机会使收入周期管理系统化和自动化,使其更快、更便宜和更准确。


clinical /ˈklɪnɪkəl/ adj. 临床的

administrative /ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv/adj. 管理的,行政的

关联词:administrator /ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtə/ n. 行政人员,管理员

unglamorous /ʌnˈɡlæmərəs/adj. 单调的,没有魅力的

关联词:glamorous /ˈɡlæmərəs/ adj. 迷人的,富有魅力的

enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ adj. 巨大的,庞大的

manual /ˈmænjʊəl/ adj. 用手操作的,手工的

error-prone adj. 易于出错的

massive /ˈmæsɪv/ adj. 大量的,巨大的

systematize /ˈsɪstɪməˌtaɪz/ v. 使系统化

automate/ˈɔːtəˌmeɪt/ v.使自动化

accurate /ˈækjərɪt/ adj. 精确的


One of the foundational challenges standing in the way of abetter healthcare system is its deeply fragmented data landscape.It is prohibitively difficult today to assemble a completepicture of a single patient’s health, a new treatment’s efficacy, or a population’shealth patterns. Because machine learning thrives on large datasets,these solutions are also laying the groundwork for boundless future AI innovation. A more integrated data ecosystem will makepossible countless new AI applications in healthcare, most of whichhave not yet even been imagined.


阻碍建立更好的医疗体系的一个根本挑战是其深度分散的数据格局。在今天,要对单个病人的健康状况、一种新疗法的疗效或一个群体的健康模式进行完整的描述是极其困难的。由于机器学习在大型数据集上蓬勃发展,这些解决方案也为未来无限的人工智能创新奠定了基础。一个集成程度更高的数据生态系统,将使医疗领域无数新的人工智能应用成为可能,其中多数应用甚至还未被想象出来。


fragmented /fræɡˈmentɪd/ adj. 支离破碎的,分散的

词根:frag(破碎,碎片)

关联词:fragment /ˈfrægmənt/ v. 使成碎片

landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ n.格局,风景,局面

prohibitively/prəˈhɪbətɪvli/adv. 多高地,过分地

assemble /əˈsɛmbəl/ v. 集合,聚集

efficacy/ˈefɪkəsi/ n. 功效,效力

thrive /θraɪv/ v. 繁荣,兴旺

groundwork /ˈɡraʊndˌwɜːk/ n. 基础,地基,根基

boundless /ˈbaʊndlɪs/ adj. 无边际的,无限的

integrated/ˈɪntɪˌɡreɪtɪd/adj. 集成的,综合的

关联词:integrate /ˈɪntɪˌgreɪt/v. 集合,使完整

make possible 使之成为可能

countless/ˈkaʊntlɪs/ adj.数不清的

词缀:less(否定)


Healthcare is an intimate part of our personal andfamily lives. No technology can be a silver bullet for a system ascomplex as modern healthcare. Yet artificial intelligence, perhaps more thanany other force in the world, offers the potential to rewrite the rules of thegame. When deployed thoughtfully, AI can upend long-accepted constraints and assumptions about how the healthcare system works. Itcan redefine the relationship between cost, accessibility andquality—one that today is badly broken.


医疗保健是我们个人和家庭生活的重要组成部分。对于像现代医疗保健这样复杂的系统,没有任何技术可以成为良方。然而,人工智能或许比世界上任何其他力量都更有可能改写游戏规则。经过深思熟虑的部署,人工智能可以颠覆人们长期以来对医疗体系运作方式的约束和假设。它可以重新定义成本、可获得性和质量之间的关系,而这种关系如今已被严重打破了。


intimate /ˈɪntɪmət/ adj. 亲密的,私人的,深刻的

silver bullet 银子弹,良方,高招

deploy/dɪˈplɔɪ/ v. 部署,展开

thoughtfully/ˈθɔːtfəli/adv. 深思地,考虑到为地

upend/ʌpˈend/ v. 倒放,颠倒

近义词:overturn/əʊvəˈtɜːn/ v. 推翻,颠覆

long-accepted adj. 为人所接受的

constraint/kənˈstreɪnt/n.约束,限制

redefine /riːdɪˈfaɪn/ v. 重新定义

accessibility/əkˌsesəˈbɪləti/ n. 可达性,可及性

关联词:access/ˈækses/ v./n. 进入

accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 可进入的


长难句分析


1. Of the many ways(状语) in which AI willtransform our lives in the coming years(定语从句), its impact(主语) may be(系动词) more profound andfar-reaching(表语) in healthcare than inany other field(状语).


在未来几年,人工智能将以多种方式改变我们的生活,其中,它对医疗保健的影响可能比其他任何领域都更为深远。


解析:本句主干为 its impact may be more profoundand far-reaching,为主系表结构,其中用了more...than... 的比较形式。Ofthe many ways为状语前置,inwhich引导定语从句修饰ways。


2. Examining a medical scan(主语) to determinewhetheratumor, a skin lesion, a retinal disease, or some other indication is present(宾语从句) is(系动词) a clear-cut example of objectclassification(表语),exactly what deep learning excels at(表语从句).


通过医学扫描来确定是否存在肿瘤、皮肤损伤、视网膜或其他疾病,是物体分类一个明确的例子,而这正是深度学习所擅长的。


解析:本句主句为主系表结构,动名词短语Examining amedical scan作主语,系动词is, a clear-cutexample of object classification和whatdeep learning excels at作表语。在主语部分,whether引导宾语从句,主语部分译为“通过医学扫描来确定是否存在肿瘤、皮肤损伤、视网膜或其他疾病”。what 是“融合性关系代词,引导表语从句,同时作 excels at的宾语。


3. Recent advances in natural languageprocessing(主语) have made(谓语) possible (状语)AI-based conversational interfaces(宾语) that can automate patient screening andcare navigation(定语从句).


自然语言处理的最新进展使得基于人工智能的对话界面成为可能,这种对话界面可以实现病人筛查和护理导航的自动化。


解析:本句主干为recent advances have made possible AI-based conversationalinterfaces。句子的主语是“Recent advances”,“in natural language processing”是介词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的主语。短语makepossible意为“使成为可能”,此句译为“自然语言处理的最新进展使得基于人工智能的对话界面成为可能”。that引导定语从句修饰AI-based conversational interfaces。


写作句总结


1. Examining a medical scan todetermine whether a tumor, a skin lesion, a retinal disease, or some otherindication is present is a clear-cut example of object classification, exactlywhat deep learning excels at.

通过医学扫描来确定是否存在肿瘤、皮肤损伤、视网膜或其他疾病,是一个明确的物体分类的例子,而这正是深度学习所擅长的。


表达excel at

该表达的意思是“突出,擅长于”。


仿写:The ethnic minorities along the Silk Road excel at dancing and singing.

丝绸之路沿途的少数民族们擅长跳舞和唱歌。


You always did excelat diplomacy.

在外交方面你总是那么出类拔萃。


2. Recent advances in natural language processinghave made possible AI-based conversational interfaces that canautomate patient screening and care navigation.

自然语言处理的最新进展使得基于人工智能的对话界面成为可能,这种对话界面可以实现病人筛查和护理导航的自动化。


表达make possible

该表达的意思是“使...成为可能”。


仿写:Advances in communications technology make possibleintegrationof real-time and archival data for emergency situations.

信息技术进步使得将实时和档案数据结合起来用于紧急情况成为可能。


The global trend towardsliberalization may make possible amore consistent application over time of the exchange-rate method.

全球的自由化趋势使得有可能逐渐更加一致地使用汇率办法。


3. One of the foundationalchallenges standing in the way of abetter healthcare system is its deeply fragmented data landscape.

阻碍建立更好的医疗体系的一个根本挑战是其深度分散的数据格局。


表达stand in the way of

该表达的意思是“阻碍,妨碍”。


仿写:A country’s economic and social-security structure can also stand in the way of change.

一个国家的经济和社会保障体系也可能阻碍变革。


Various social and culturalpatterns stand in the way of women’sfull development.

各种社会和文化模式阻碍了妇女的充分发展。


4. No technology can be a silver bullet for a systemas complex as modern healthcare.

对于像现代医疗保健这样复杂的系统,没有任何技术可以成为良方。


表达silver bullet

该表达的意思是“良方,高招”。


仿写:Climate change is a complex issue, and there is no silver bullet to fix it.

气候变化是一个复杂的问题,没有任何解决它的灵丹妙药。


Technological solutions likeartificial intelligence are not a silver bullet.

人工智能等科技方案不是万灵丹。


There was no silver bullet to overcome poverty and hunger.

解决贫穷和饥饿没有灵丹妙药。



拓展知识


人工智能和机器学习


机器人辅助手术(特别是显微外科手术)是获得大量投资的主要领域之一。现在这是人工智能能力的自然延伸。当需要对大脑进行高精度的显微手术时,这可以更有效地使用机器人,但仍然需要有经验的外科医生的帮助,以确保安全。而在未来,将会拥有非常精密的机器来代替医生,而无需人工操作。在短期内,人工智能的使用都是为了提高效率和减少错误。因此,并不是因为人们提出一个不理解的全新事物。这实际上是在使用人类的经验以减少错误,提高效率。希望最终会降低成本,因为其成本的增长方式是不可持续的。


当谈论人工智能和机器学习时,有很多人对此感到混淆。区分两者的一种非常简单的方法是:人工智能是要吸收现有的人类知识和经验,并将其本质转化为机器行为,使它们能够以自动化、快速、高效、廉价的方式使用。机器学习是其中的一个子集,实际上是把所有当前的经验提供给机器的一组特定的算法。让它根据每天收集的数据来了解更多信息。


尤其是在医疗保健领域,当医疗机构治疗慢性病的时候,这将是非常有用的。因此,在糖尿病、肥胖症、老年痴呆症,甚至其他心血管疾病的治疗方面似乎效果更好,但根据收集到的数据,还需要更多的学习。所以,这就是人工智能成为这一学习过程中不可或缺的地方,如果想真正引进机器学习、深度学习、神经网络等技术,需要对每天收集的数据有着更深入的了解。


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