解惑：什么食物才算是三明治？︱4 ways to define a sandwich, according to the law

解惑：什么食物才算是三明治？︱4 ways to define a sandwich, according to the law

1. CALIFORNIA: HOT DOGS ARE SANDWICHES

美国加州：热狗也是三明治

Despite fitting the description of a food product served on a bread-like product, many sandwich purists insist that hot dogs deserve their own category.

哪怕热狗也是两片面包夹个东西，不过许多三明治纯粹主义者坚称热狗应该自成一类。

California joins Merriam-Webster in declaring that a hot dog is a sandwich, nonetheless. The bold word choice appears in the state’s tax law, which mentions “hot dog and hamburger sandwiches” served from “sandwich stands or booths.”

加州政府和韦氏词典一样，都将热狗归类为三明治。加州税法中提到，“卖三明治的小摊上有热狗三明治、汉堡包三明治”。

Applying the sandwich label to burgers is less controversial, but it’s still worth debating.

把汉堡包也归类为三明治虽然争议稍少，但也值得商榷。

2. MASSACHUSETTS COURT: A BURRITO IS NOT A SANDWICH

马萨诸塞州法院：玉米卷饼不是三明治

Justice Jeffrey A. Locke from the Worcester County Superior Court said in 2006 that “The New Webster Third International Dictionary describes a ‘sandwich’ as ‘two thin pieces of bread, usually buttered, with a thin layer (as of meat, cheese, or savory mixture) spread between them.’”

2006年，伍斯特县高等法院法官杰弗里·洛克曾指出：“《韦氏第三版新国际英语词典》对三明治的定义是：两片薄面包，中间抹上黄油，并平铺一层薄馅儿（肉、奶酪或调味酱）。”

He said: “Under this definition and as dictated by common sense, this court finds that the term ‘sandwich’ is not commonly understood to include burritos, tacos, and quesadillas.”

他表示：“根据该定义与常识，法院裁定，三明治不包括墨西哥玉米卷饼、墨西哥夹饼和墨西哥薄饼。”

3. USDA: A SANDWICH IS MEAT BETWEEN TWO SLICES OF BREAD

美国农业部：三明治就是两片面包夹的肉馅儿

“A sandwich is a meat or poultry filling between two slices of bread, a bun, or a biscuit,” Mark Wheeler, who works in food and safety at the US Department of Agriculture, told NPR.

美国农业部食品安全部门的马克·惠勒告诉美国国家公共电台：“三明治就是两片面包、一个圆面包或者一张饼里夹着的畜肉馅儿或禽肉馅儿。”

His definition comes from the Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book used by the department (the USDA only covers the “labeling of meat, poultry, and egg products,” while the FDA handles everything else, which is why the USDA's definition excludes things like grilled cheese).

他给的定义来自农业部使用的《食品标准与标签政策》。农业部只负责“标清畜肉、禽肉以及蛋制品”，而美国食品药品监督管理局要负责给分清其他所有食品。因此在农业部的定义中，三明治里夹的东西不包含烤奶酪一类食物。

Not included under their umbrella of foodstuff served between bread are burritos, wraps, and hot dogs.

根据农业部定义，墨西哥玉米卷饼、薄卷饼和热狗就不属于三明治的范畴。

4. NEW YORK: IF IT’S SERVED ON SOMETHING REMOTELY BREAD-LIKE, IT’S A SANDWICH

纽约：只要是用面包之类的东西夹着，就是三明治

When it comes to sandwiches, New York doesn’t discriminate.

在三明治的定义上，纽约政府一视同仁。

In a bulletin outlining the state’s tax policy, a description of what constitutes a sandwich warrants its own subhead. The article reads: "Sandwiches include cold and hot sandwiches of every kind that are prepared and ready to be eaten, whether made on bread, on bagels, on rolls, in pitas, in wraps, or otherwise, and regardless of the filling or number of layers. A sandwich can be as simple as a buttered bagel or roll, or as elaborate as a six-foot, toasted submarine sandwich.”

一则纽约州税收政策的公告中，专门讲到什么才算是三明治：“三明治包括各种即食的冷热三明治，不论是用面包、百吉饼、卷饼、皮塔饼、薄卷饼还是用其他东西夹，也不管夹着什么馅料，夹了多少层馅料。简简单单抹上黄油的百吉饼或卷饼是三明治，做法精美繁复的6英尺的‘烤潜艇’三明治也是三明治。”

It then moves on to examples of taxable sandwiches. The list includes items widely believed to bear the label, like Reubens, paninis, club sandwiches, and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. Other entries, like burritos, gyros, open-faced sandwiches, and hot dogs, may cause confusion among diners.

该公告还列举了应纳税的各类三明治，其中既包括一些被普遍认为是三明治的食物，比如鲁宾三明治、意式帕尼尼、什锦三文治、‘铁哥们’三明治，也包括一些如果被叫成三明治会让食客分不清的食物，比如墨西哥玉米卷饼、希腊烤肉卷饼、开放式三明治和各类热狗。

warrant

英 [ˈwɒrənt]；美[ˈwɔːrənt]  

n. 保证，保障；执行令；授权令；凭单；许可；正当理由

vt. （使）有必要；（使）正当

controversial

英 [ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl]；美[ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl]  

adj. 引起争论的；有反对声的

exclude

英 [ɪkˈskluːd]；美[ɪkˈskluːd]  

vt. 排除；置之局外；不包括；不考虑；阻止进入

discriminate

英 [dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt]；美[dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt]  

v. 区别对待；歧视；偏袒