ADVENTURES OF PRINCE KUSHLUK 库什鲁克王子历险记

1203-1208


--Kushluk's escape.
--库什鲁克的逃脱。


Prince Kushluk, as the reader will perhaps recollect, was the son of Tayian, the khan of the Naymans, who organized the grand league of khans against Temujin at the instigation of Yemuka, as related in a preceding chapter.
读者可能还记得，库什鲁克王子是奈曼人的可汗泰扬的儿子，泰扬在札木合的煽动下组织了针对铁木真的汗大联盟，正如前一章所述。
He was the young prince who was opposed to Jughi, the son of Temujin, in the great final battle.
在伟大的最后一战中，他是反对铁木真之子朱吉的年轻王子。
The reader will recollect that in that battle Tayian himself was slain, as was also Yemuka, but the young prince succeeded in making his escape.
读者会记得，在那场战斗中，塔扬本人和札木合都被杀了，但年轻的王子成功地逃脱了。


--Tukta Bey.
--图克塔·贝(Tukta Bey)。
--Kashin.
--卡申。


He was accompanied in his flight by a certain general or chieftain named Tukta Bey.
随同他逃亡的是一位名叫图克塔·贝的将军或酋长。
This Tukta Bey was the khan of a powerful tribe.
这个Tukta Bey是一个强大部落的可汗。
The name of the town or village which he considered his capital was Kashin.
他认为他的首都的城镇或村庄的名字是卡申。
It was situated toward the southwest, not far from the borders of China.
它位于西南方向，离中国边境不远。
Tukta Bey, taking Kushluk with him, retreated to this place, and there began to make preparations to collect a new army to act against Temujin.
图克塔·贝带着库什鲁克撤退到这个地方，并在那里开始准备集结一支新的军队来对抗铁木真。
I say Temujin, for these circumstances took place immediately after the battle, and before Temujin had received his new title of Genghis Khan.
我之所以说铁木真，是因为这些情况发生在战斗刚结束，铁木真还没有得到成吉思汗这个新头衔之前。


--Temujin pursues Tukta Bey and Kushluk.
-铁木真追逐图克塔·贝和库什鲁克。


Temujin, having learned that Tukta Bey and the young prince had gone to Kashin, determined at once to follow them there.
铁木真得知图克塔·贝和年轻的王子去了喀什，立刻决定跟着他们去。
As soon as Tukta Bey heard that he was coming, he began to strengthen the fortifications of his town and to increase the garrison.
图克塔·贝一听说他要来，就开始加强镇上的防御工事，增加驻军。
He also laid in supplies of food and military stores of all kinds.
他还储备了各种食品和军需品。
While he was making these preparations, he received the news that Temujin was advancing into his country at the head of an immense force.
正当他做这些准备的时候，他得到消息说铁木真正率领一支强大的部队向他的国家进军。
The force was so large that he was convinced that his town could not long stand out against it.
这支部队是如此强大，以至于他确信他的城镇不能长期与之抗衡。
He was greatly perplexed to know what to do.
他大惑不解，不知该怎么办。


--Retreat to Boyrak's country.
--撤退到博伊拉克的国家。


Now it happened that there was a brother of Tayian Khan's, named Boyrak, the chief of a powerful horde that occupied a district of country not very far distant from Tukta Bey's dominions.
碰巧有一个塔扬·汗的兄弟，名叫博伊拉克，他是一个强大的部落的首领，这个部落占据了距离图克塔·贝的领土不远的一个地区。
Tukta Bey thought that this Boyrak would be easily induced to aid him in the war, as it was a war waged against the mortal enemy of his brother.
图克塔·贝认为，这位博伊拉克人很容易被诱使在战争中帮助他，因为这是一场针对他兄弟死敌的战争。
He determined to leave his capital to be defended by the garrison which he had placed in it, and to proceed himself to Boyrak's country to obtain re-enforcements.
他决定离开首都，由驻扎在那里的卫兵守卫，并前往博伊拉克的国家寻求增援。
He first sent off the Prince Kushluk, so that he might be as soon as possible in a place of safety.
他先送走了库什鲁克王子，以便他能尽快到达安全的地方。
Then, after completing the necessary arrangements and dispositions for the defense of his town, in case it should be attacked during his absence, he took his oldest son, for whose safety he was also greatly concerned, and set out at the head of a small troop of horsemen to go to Boyrak.
然后，在完成了保卫城镇的必要安排和部署后，以防在他不在期间城镇遭到攻击，他带上了他的大儿子，他也非常关心他的长子的安全，并率领一小队骑兵前往博伊拉克。


--Fall and destruction of Kashin.
--卡申的陷落和毁灭。


Accordingly, when Temujin, at the head of his forces, arrived at the town of Kashin, he found that the fugitives whom he was pursuing were no longer there.
因此，当铁木真率领部队到达喀申镇时，他发现他追捕的逃犯已经不在那里了。
However, he determined to take the town.
然而，他决心夺取该镇。
He accordingly at once invested it, and commenced the siege.
于是他立刻投入资金，开始了围攻。
The garrison made a very determined resistance.
驻军进行了非常坚决的抵抗。
But the forces under Temujin's command were too strong for them.
但铁木真指挥的部队对他们来说太强大了。
The town was soon taken.
这座小镇很快就被攻占了。
Temujin ordered his soldiers to slay without mercy all who were found in arms against him within the walls, and the walls themselves, and all the other defenses of the place, he caused to be leveled with the ground.
铁木真命令他的士兵毫不留情地杀死所有在城墙内与他交战的人，以及他所造成的平地的城墙和其他的防御工事。


--Proclamation.
--公告。


He then issued his proclamation, offering peace and pardon to all the rest of the tribe on condition that they would take the oath of allegiance to him.
然后，他发布了他的公告，向部落其他所有人提供和平与赦免，条件是他们必须宣誓效忠他。
This they readily agreed to do.
他们欣然同意这样做。
There were a great many subordinate khans, both of this tribe and of some others that were near, who thus yielded to Temujin, and promised to obey him.
这个部落和附近的其他一些部落都有许多从属的汗，他们因此屈服于铁木真，并答应服从他。


--Temujin returns to Karakorom.
铁木真返回喀喇昆仑。


All this took place, as has already been said, immediately after the great battle with Tayian, and before Temujin had been enthroned as emperor, or had received his new title of Genghis Khan.
正如已经说过的，这一切都发生在与塔扬的伟大战斗之后，铁木真登基为皇帝，或接受新的成吉思汗头衔之前。
Indeed, Temujin, while making this expedition to Kashin in pursuit of Kushluk and Tukta Bey, had been somewhat uneasy at the loss of time which the campaign occasioned him, as he was anxious to go as soon as possible to Karakorom, in order to take the necessary measures there for arranging and consolidating his government.
事实上，铁木真为了追捕库什鲁克和图克塔·贝而远征喀什时，对战役给他造成的时间损失感到有点不安，因为他急于尽快去喀喇昆仑，以便在那里采取必要的措施安排和巩固他的政府。
He accordingly now determined not to pursue the fugitives any farther, but to proceed at once to Karakorom, and postpone all farther operations against Kushluk and Tukta until the next season.
因此，他现在决定不再进一步追捕逃犯，而是立即前往喀喇昆仑，并将所有针对库什鲁克和图克塔的进一步行动推迟到下一季。
So he went to Karakorom, and there, during the course of the winter, formed the constitution of his new empire, and made arrangements for convening a grand assembly of the khans the next spring, as related in the last chapter.
因此，他去了喀喇昆仑，在那里过冬期间，形成了他的新帝国的宪法，并安排在下一年春天召开一次汗族的盛会，如上一章所述。


--Boyrak's precautions.
--Boyrak的预防措施。


In the mean time, Tukta Bey and the Prince Kushluk were very kindly received by Boyrak, Tayian's brother.
与此同时，塔扬的哥哥博伊拉克非常友好地接待了图克塔·贝和库什鲁克王子。
For a time they all had reason to expect that Temujin, after having taken and destroyed Kashin, would continue his pursuit of the prince, and Boyrak began accordingly to make preparations for defense.
有一段时间，他们都有理由预计铁木真在夺取并摧毁了卡申之后，会继续追捕王子，博伊拉克也因此开始做好防御准备。
But when, at length, they learned that Temujin had given up the pursuit, and had returned to Karakorom, their apprehensions were, for the moment, relieved.
但是，当他们终于得知铁木真已经放弃追捕，返回喀喇昆仑时，他们的担忧暂时松了一口气。
They were, however, well aware that the danger was only postponed; and Boyrak, being determined to defend the cause of his nephew, and to avenge, if possible, his brother's death, occupied himself diligently with increasing his army, strengthening his fortifications, and providing himself with all possible means of defense against the attack which he expected would be made upon him in the coming season.
然而，他们清楚地意识到危险只是被推迟了；博伊拉克决心捍卫他侄子的事业，如果可能的话，为他兄弟的死报仇，他努力增加他的军队，加强他的防御工事，并为自己提供一切可能的防御手段，以抵御他预计在接下来的季节里会发生的攻击。


--Great battle.
--伟大的战斗。
--Boyrak is taken and slain.
--Boyrak被带走并被杀了。


Boyrak's expectations of an attack were fully realized.
博伊拉克对进攻的期望完全实现了。
Temujin, after having settled the affairs of his government, and having now become Genghis Khan, took the first opportunity in the following season to fit out an expedition against Tukta Bey and Boyrak.
铁木真在解决了他的政府的事务后，现在成了成吉思汗，在接下来的赛季中抓住了第一个机会，与图克塔·贝和博伊拉克进行了一次远征。
He marched into Boyrak's dominions at the head of a strong force.
他率领一支强大的部队挺进博伊拉克的领地。
Boyrak came forth to meet him.
博伊拉克走上前来迎接他。
A great battle was fought.
一场伟大的战斗打响了。
Boyrak was entirely defeated.
博伊拉克被彻底打败了。
When he found that the battle was lost he attempted to fly.
当他发现战斗失败时，他试图逃跑。
He was, however, pursued and taken, and was then brought back to the camp of Genghis Khan, where he was put to death.
然而，他被追捕，然后被带回成吉思汗的集中营，在那里他被处死。
The conqueror undoubtedly justified this act of cruelty toward his helpless prisoner on the plea that, like Yemuka, he was not an open and honorable foe, but a rebel and traitor, and, consequently, that the act of putting him to death was the execution of a criminal, and not the murder of a prisoner.
征服者无疑为这种残酷对待他无助的囚犯的行为辩护，辩解说，他和札木合一样，不是一个公开而可敬的敌人，而是一个叛乱者和叛徒，因此，处死他的行为是处决一个罪犯，而不是谋杀一个囚犯。


--Flight of Kushluk and Tukta Bey.
--库什鲁克和图克塔贝的航班。
--River Irtish.
--伊尔提斯河。
--Ardish.
“阿迪什。”


But, although Boyrak himself was thus taken and slain, Kushluk and Tukta Bey succeeded in making their escape.
但是，尽管博伊拉克本人就这样被带走并杀害，库什鲁克和图克塔·贝还是成功逃脱了。
They fled to the northward and westward, scarcely knowing, it would seem, where they were to go.
他们向北和向西逃去，似乎几乎不知道他们要去哪里。
They at last found a place of refuge on the banks of the River Irtish.
他们最终在伊尔提斯河岸边找到了一个避难所。
This river rises not far from the centre of the Asiatic continent, and flows northward into the Northern Ocean.
这条河发源于亚洲大陆中心不远处，向北流入北洋。
The country through which it flows lay to the northwestward of Genghis Khan's dominions, and beyond the confines of it.
它流经的国家位于成吉思汗统治的西北部，超出了它的边界。
Through this country Prince Kushluk and Tukta Bey wandered on, accompanied by the small troop of followers that still adhered to them, until they reached a certain fortress called Ardish, where they determined to make a stand.
库什鲁克王子和图克塔·贝在仍然坚守着他们的一小群追随者的陪同下，在这个国家漫步，直到他们到达了一个叫做阿迪什的堡垒，他们决定在那里站稳脚跟。


--Tukta Bey's adherents.
--Tukta Bey的追随者。


They were among friends here, for Ardish, it seems, was on the confines of territory that belonged to Tukta Bey.
他们是在这里的朋友中，因为阿迪什，似乎是在属于图克塔·贝的领土范围内。
The people of the neighborhood immediately flocked to Tukta's standard, and thus the fugitive khan soon found himself at the head of a considerable force.
附近的人们立即涌向图克塔的标准，因此逃亡的汗很快就发现自己成了一支相当大的部队的首领。
This force was farther increased by the coming in of broken bands that had made their escape from the battle at which Boyrak had been slain at the same time with Tukta Bey, but had become separated from him in their flight.
在博伊拉克与图克塔·贝同时被杀的战斗中，他们从战斗中逃脱出来，但在逃亡过程中与他分离，这进一步增强了这股力量。


--Genghis Khan pursues them in winter.
--成吉思汗在冬天追赶它们。


It would seem that, at first, Genghis Khan did not know what was become of the fugitives.
起初，成吉思汗似乎并不知道逃犯的下落。
At any rate, it was not until the next year that he attempted to pursue them.
无论如何，直到第二年，他才试图追赶他们。
Then, hearing where they were and what they were doing, he prepared an expedition to penetrate into the country of the Irtish and attack them.
然后，听到他们在哪里，他们在做什么，他准备了一支探险队，渗透到爱尔兰人的国家，攻击他们。
It was in the dead of winter when he arrived in the country.
他到达这个国家时正值隆冬。
He had hurried on at that season of the year in order to prevent Tukta Bey from having time to finish his fortifications.
为了不让图克塔·贝有时间完成他的防御工事，他在一年中的那个季节匆忙赶路。
Tukta Bey and those who were with him were amazed when they heard that their enemy was coming at that season of the year.
当图克塔·贝和他的随行人员听说他们的敌人在一年中的那个季节要来的时候，他们都大吃一惊。
The defenses which they were preparing for their fortress were not fully completed, but they were at once convinced that they could not hold their ground against the body of troops that Genghis Khan was bringing against them in the open field, and so they all took shelter in and near the fortress, and awaited their enemy there.
他们为要塞准备的防御工事还没有完全完成，但他们立刻确信，在空地上抵挡不住成吉思汗率领的军队，于是他们都躲在要塞内和要塞附近，在那里等待敌人。


--Difficulties of the country.
--国家的困难。


The winters in that latitude are very cold, and the country through which Genghis Khan had to march was full of difficulty.
那个纬度的冬天很冷，成吉思汗要行军的国家充满了艰难困苦。
The branches of the river which he had to cross were obstructed with ice, and the roads were in many places rendered almost impassable by snow.
他不得不穿过的河流支流被冰挡住了，许多地方的道路几乎被雪封住了。
The emperor did not even know the way to the fortress where Tukta Bey and his followers were concealed, and it would have been almost impossible for him to find it had it not been for certain tribes, through whose territories he passed on the way, who furnished him with guides.
皇帝甚至不知道去图克塔·贝和他的追随者藏匿的堡垒的路，如果不是某些部落，他在路上经过这些部落的领土，为他提供向导，他几乎不可能找到它。
These tribes, perceiving how overwhelming was the force which Genghis Khan commanded, knew that it would be useless for them to resist him.
这些部落看到成吉思汗指挥的力量是多么的势不可挡，就知道抵抗他是没用的。
So they yielded submission to him at once, and detached parties of horsemen to go with him down the river to show him the way.
他们就立刻投降他，又分派马兵同他下河，给他指路。


--Death of Tukta Bey.
--图克塔·贝之死。


Under the conduct of these guides Genghis Khan passed on.
在这些导游的带领下，成吉思汗继续前行。
In due time he arrived at the fortress of Ardish, and immediately forced Tukta Bey and his allies to come to an engagement.
在适当的时候，他到达了阿尔迪什要塞，并立即迫使图克塔·贝和他的盟友前来交战。
Tukta's army was very soon defeated and put to flight.
图克塔的军队很快就被击败了，并被赶走了。
Tukta himself, and many other khans and chieftains who had joined him, were killed; but the Prince Kushluk was once more fortunate enough to make his escape.
图克塔本人和其他许多加入他的可汗和酋长都被杀了，但库什鲁克王子又一次幸运地逃脱了。


--Kushluk escapes again.
--库什鲁克再次逃跑。
--Turkestan.
--土耳其斯坦。


He fled with a small troop of followers, all mounted on fleet horses, and after various wanderings, in the course of which he and they who were with him endured a great deal of privation and suffering, the unhappy fugitive at last reached the dominions of a powerful prince named Gurkhan, who reigned over a country which is situated in the western part of Asia, toward the Caspian Sea, and is named Turkestan.
他带着一小群都骑着舰队马的追随者逃走了，在经历了各种流浪之后，他和随行的人忍受了极大的贫困和痛苦，最后，这位不幸的逃亡者终于到达了一位名叫廓尔汗的强大王子的统治之下。廓尔汗统治着一个位于亚洲西部的国家，朝向里海，名叫突厥斯坦。
This is the country from which the people called the Turks, who afterward spread themselves so widely over the western part of Asia and the eastern part of Europe, originally sprung.
这就是人们称之为土耳其人的国家，土耳其人后来广泛分布在亚洲西部和欧洲东部，最初就是从这个国家涌现出来的。


--He is received by Gurkhan.
--他受到廓尔汗的接见。


Gurkhan received Kushluk and his party in a very friendly manner, and Genghis Khan did not follow them.
廓尔汗非常友好地接待了库什鲁克一行，成吉思汗没有跟随。
Whether he thought that the distance was too great, or that the power of Gurkhan was too formidable to make it prudent for him to advance into his dominions without a stronger force, does not appear.
他是否认为距离太远，或者廓尔汗的力量太强大，使他不能在没有更强大的力量的情况下谨慎地进入他的领土，这一点都没有出现。
At any rate, for the time being he gave up the pursuit, and after fully securing the fruits of the victory which he had gained at Ardish, and receiving the submission of all the tribes and khans that inhabited that region of country, he set out on his return home.
不管怎样，他暂时放弃了追击，在充分确保了他在阿尔迪什取得的胜利成果，并得到了居住在该地区的所有部落和汗人的服从之后，他动身回家了。


--Presentation of the _shongar_.
--介绍_songar_。


It is related that one of the khans who gave in his submission to Genghis Khan at this time made him a present of a certain bird called a _shongar_, according to a custom often observed among the people of that region.
据悉，此时向成吉思汗进贡的可汗中，有一人按照当地民间的习俗，赠送了一种叫宋加尔的鸟作为礼物。
The shongar was a very large and fierce bird of prey, which, however, could be trained like the falcons which were so much prized in the Middle Ages by the princes and nobles of Europe.
绍加尔是一种体型很大、非常凶猛的猛禽，然而，它可以像中世纪欧洲王子和贵族非常珍视的猎鹰一样被训练出来。
It seems it was customary for an inferior khan to present one of these birds to his superior on great occasions, as an emblem and token of his submission to his superior's authority.
这似乎是一个低级的可汗在重要的场合向他的上级赠送这些鸟中的一只，作为他屈服于上级权威的象征和象征。
The bird in such a case was very richly decorated with gold and precious stones, so that the present was sometimes of a very costly and magnificent character.
这种箱子里的鸟用黄金和宝石装饰得非常华丽，所以这件礼物有时会显得非常昂贵和华丽。


--Urus Inal.
--乌鲁斯·伊纳尔(Urus Inal)。


Genghis Khan received such a present as this from a chieftain named Urus Inal, who was among those that yielded to his sway in the country of the Irtish, after the battle at which Tukta Bey was defeated and killed.
成吉思汗从一位名叫乌鲁斯·伊纳尔的酋长那里收到了这样的礼物，他是在图克塔·贝被击败并被打死后，在爱尔兰的国家屈服于他的影响力的人之一。
The bird was presented to Genghis Khan by Urus with great ceremony, as an act of submission and homage.
这只鸟是乌鲁斯以隆重的仪式赠送给成吉思汗的，作为一种顺从和敬意的行为。




What, in the end, was the fate of Prince Kushluk, will appear in the next chapter.
库什鲁克王子的命运最终是什么，将在下一章中出现。




[Illustration: PRESENTATION OF THE SHONGAR.]
[插图：SHONGAR的演示文稿。]