Unit02-MANIA-female

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MANIA in Latin means“madness,” and the meaning passed over intoEnglish unchanged. Our word mania can mean amental illness, or at least an excessive enthusiasm. We might call someone amaniac who was wild, violent, and mentally ill—or maybe just reallyenthusiastic about something.

MANIA在拉丁语中是“疯狂（madness）”的意思，这个意思在英语中也没有改变。我们的单词 mania 可以指一种精神疾病，或者至少是一种过度的热情。如果我们称呼某人是 maniac，那意味着这个人是疯狂的（wild）、暴力的（violent）、精神有问题的（mentally ill），或者可能只是对某事很热心。

Too much caffeinemight make you a bit manic. But the intense moodswings once known as manic-depressive illness are now usually calledbipolar disorder instead.

过多的咖啡因可能会让你有点狂躁（manic）。但这种剧烈的情绪波动曾被称为“狂躁抑郁症（manic-depressive illness）”，现在通常被称为“双相情感障碍（bipolar disorder instead）”。

kleptomania：Amental illness in which a person has a strong desire to steal things.

• Kleptomania leadsits sufferers to steal items of little value that they don't need anyway.

盗窃癖会让患者去偷那些本来就不需要的、没什么价值的东西。

Klepto- comes fromthe Greek word kleptein, “to steal.” Even though kleptomania is often the butt of jokes, it's actually aserious mental illness, often associated with mood disorders, anxietydisorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse. Klepotomaniacs tend to bedepressed, and many live lives of secret shame because they're afraid to seektreatment.

Klepto- 词根来自希腊语单词 kleptein，意思为“偷窃（to steal）”。尽管盗窃癖经常称为人们的笑柄，但它实际上是一种严重的精神疾病，通常与情绪障碍、焦虑症、饮食失调和药物滥用有关。盗窃癖患者往往情绪低落，许多人因为害怕寻求治疗而生活在隐秘的羞耻中。

dipsomaniac：Aperson with an extreme and uncontrollable desire for alcohol.

• She didn't likethe word alcoholic being applied to her, andliked dipsomaniac even less.

她不喜欢别人用“酗酒者”这个词形容她，更不喜欢“酗酒狂”这个词。

Dipsomaniac comesfrom the Greek noun dipsa, “thirst,” but thirst usually has nothing to do withit. Some experts distinguish between an alcoholic and a dipsomaniac, reserving dipsomaniacfor someone involved in frequent episodes ofbinge drinking and blackouts.

Dipsomaniac 来自于希腊语中的名词 dipsa，意思为“口渴（thirst）”，但口渴通常与这个词无关。一些专家区分了酗酒者（alcoholic）和酗酒狂（dipsomaniac），并把酗酒狂（dipsomaniac）这个单词用来形容那些频繁酗酒至昏厥的人。

In any case, thereare plenty of less respectful words for a person of similar habits: sot, lush,wino, souse, boozer, guzzler, tippler, tosspot, drunkard, boozehound--the listgoes on and on and on.

无论如何，对于有相似习惯（指酗酒）的人，有很多不那么尊重的词语形容他们：sot, lush, wino, souse, boozer, guzzler, tippler,tosspot, drunkard, boozehound——这个名单还在不断增加。

megalomaniac：Amental disorder marked by feelings of great personal power and importance.

（自大狂：一种以个人权利和重要性为特征的精神障碍。）

• When the governorstarted calling for arming his National Guard with nuclear weapons, the votersfinally realized they had elected a megalomaniac.

当州长开始呼吁用核武器武装国民警卫队的时候，选民们终于意识到，他们选了一个自大狂。

Since the Greek rootmegalo- means “large,” someone who is megalomaniacal has a mental disordermarked by feelings of personal grandeur. Megalomania has probably afflicted many rulers throughout history: TheRoman emperor Caligula insisted that he be worshipped as a living god.

由于 megalo- 在希腊语中的词根是“大（large）”的意思，所以自大狂会有一种精神障碍，其特征就是感觉自己很伟大。在历史上，许多统治者都深受自大狂（这种疾病）的困扰折磨，例如：罗马皇帝卡利古拉（Caligula）坚持（让人们）把他当作活神来崇拜。

Joseph Stalinsuffered from the paranoia that often accompaniesmegalomania, and had thousands of his countrymen executed as a result. J.- B.Bokassa, dictator of a small and extremely poor African nation, proclaimedhimself emperor of the country he renamed the Central African Empire.

约瑟夫·斯大林（Joseph Stalin）同样患有妄想症（paranoia），这种病经常伴随着自大狂，结果导致数千名他的同胞被处决。 J.- B. Bokassa，一个非常贫穷的非洲小国的独裁者，宣布自己为这个国家的皇帝，并将其命名为中非帝国。

And evendemocratically elected leaders have often acquiredhuge egos as a result of public acclaim. But megalomaniac is generally thrown around as an insult and rarely refers toreal mental illness.

甚至民主选举出来的领导也常常因为公众的称赞而获得巨大的自尊。但实际生活中，我们说某人是自大狂，通常不是指真正的精神疾病，而是对某人的一种侮辱。

egomaniac：Someonewho is extremely self-centered and ignores the problems and concerns of others.

（极端以自我为中心，忽视他人的问题和担忧）

• He's a completely unimpressive person, but that doesn't keep himfrom being an egomaniac.

他是一个完全不起眼的人，但这并不能阻止他称为一个极端利己主义者。

Ego is Latin for“I,” and in English ego usually means “sense of self-worth.”Most people's egosstay at a healthy level, but some become exaggerated.

Ego在拉丁语中是“我”的意思，在英语中，ego 通常意味着“自我价值感”。大多数人的自我意识都保持在健康的水平，但有些人的自我意识被夸大了。

Egomaniacs maydisplay a grandiose sense of self-importance, with fantasies about their ownbrilliance or beauty, intense envy of others, a lack of sympathy, and a need tobe adored or feared. But, like megalomaniac,the word egomaniac is thrown around by lots of people who don't mean much moreby it than blowhard or know-it-all.

egomaniacs（极端利己主义者）可能会表现出自大的感觉，幻想自己的才华（很厉害）和美丽（的外貌），对他人强烈的嫉妒，缺乏同情心，需要被他人崇拜或害怕。但是，就像 megalomaniac（自大狂）一样，这个单词被很多人随意使用，他们的意思只是用来吹牛或自以为是。