Unit01-BENE-female

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BENE is Latin for“well.” A benefit is a good result or effect. Something beneficial producesgood results or effects. The Latin root can be heard in other languages aswell: “Good!” or “Fine!” in Spanish is “Bueno!”; in French, it's “Bon!”; and inItalian, just say “Bene!”

BENE 来自于拉丁语，表示“well（好的）”。例如，benefit 表示有好的结果或效果（a good result or effect）。说某物是 beneficial，即是说某物产生了好的结果或效果。这个拉丁词根在其他语言中也同样适用：西班牙语中的“Bueno！”；法语中的“Bon！”；意大利语中的“Bene！”。

benediction：Aprayer that asks for God's blessing, especially a prayer that concludes aworship service.

• Themoment the bishop had finished his benediction, she squeezed quickly out of herrow and darted out the cathedral's side entrance.

当主教一做完赐福祷告，她就迅速从队伍中蹿出来冲向教堂的侧门。

句子语法：the moment 引导时间状语从句【语法点1:时间状语从句，见文末】。

Inbenediction, the bene root is joined by another Latin root, dictio, “speaking”(see DICT), so the word's meaning becomes something like “well-wishing.”Perhaps the best-known benediction is the so-called Aaronic Benediction fromthe Bible, which begins, “May the Lord bless you and keep you.” An importantsection of the Catholic Mass was traditionally known as the Benedictus, afterits first word (meaning “blessed”). It was St. Benedict who organized the firstChristian monasteries; many Christians have been baptizedBenedict in his honor, and 16 popes have taken it as their papal name.

Benediction = bene + dictio（说）= well-wishing（祝福，赐福祈祷）

拉丁词根 dictio 与词根 dict 意义相同，都表“speaking（说话）”，因此 benediction意思就是“well-wishing（祝福）”。最为人们所熟知的赐福祈祷应该是圣经中的“亚伦祝福”，它的第一句话是：“愿主赐福于你，保佑你。”

天主教弥撒（the Catholic Mass）中有一个重要的章节，传统上称为 Benedictus（天主教弥撒中所用的短赞美诗），是以该弥撒的第一个单词命名的，意思是“有福的”。圣徒本尼迪克特（ St.Benedict）组织建立第一批基督教修道院；许多基督徒都被授以 Benedict 的教名，为的是向  St. Benedict 致敬，16位教皇将Benedict 作为他们的教皇名。

benefactor：Someonewho helps another person or group, especially by giving money.

• Ananonymous benefactor had given $15 million to establish an ecological instituteat the university.

一位匿名捐赠者向大学捐助了1500万美元，用以建造一个生态学院。

Abenefactor may be involved in almost any field. One may endow a scholarshipfund; another may give money to expand a library; still another may leave agenerous sum to a hospital in her will. The famous benefactions of John D.Rockefeller included the gifts that established the University of Chicago, theRockefeller Foundation, and Rockefeller University. Many benefactors havereported that giving away their money turned out to be the most rewarding thingthey ever did.

Benefactor（捐赠者） 这个单词几乎可以出现在任何领域。比如有人会赠予学校奖学金；有人会捐助资金扩大图书馆规模；也有人会以个人名义（in one's will）向医院捐助一大笔钱。最出名的捐赠者大概是约翰·D·洛克菲勒（John D. Rockefeller），芝加哥大学、洛克菲勒基金会和洛克菲勒大学均是他捐助的。也有许多捐赠者表示，捐助钱款是他们做过的最为值得的事情。

beneficiary：Aperson or organization that benefits or is expected to benefit from something,especially one that receives money or property when someone dies.

• Livingin a trailer in near-poverty, she received word in the mail that her father haddied, naming her as the sole beneficiary of his life-insurance policy.

她长期住在拖车中，生活几近贫困，但近来收到邮件，告知她父亲去世了，并将她列为了人寿保险的唯一受益人。

Beneficiaryis often used in connection with life insurance, but it shows up in many othercontexts as well. A college may be the beneficiary of a private donation. Youruncle's will may make a church his sole beneficiary, in which case all hismoney and property will go to it when he dies. A “third-party beneficiary” of acontract is a person (often a child) who the people signing the contract (whichis usually an insurance policy or an employee-benefit plan) want to benefitfrom it. In a more general way, a smallbusiness may be a beneficiary of changes to the tax code, or a restaurant maybe the beneficiary when the one across the street closes down and its wholelunch crowd starts coming in.

Beneficiary 这个单词经常用于人寿保险方面，但这个词也经常出现在其他语境中。大学也可以称为私人捐助的受益方。你的叔叔或许会将教堂列为他遗嘱的唯一受益方，这意味着当他去世，他的所有金钱和财产都归教堂所有。“第三方受益人”是签订合同的两方想要使之获益的第三方（往往是儿童，合同往往是保险政策或员工福利计划）。更普遍地说，小型企业经常会是税法改革的获益方；当街对面的一家餐馆关门了，它原有的午餐顾客群就会涌入自家餐馆，让自家餐馆称为受益者。

benevolence： Kindness, generosity.

• In thosefinancially desperate years, the young couple was saved only by the benevolenceof her elderly great-uncle.

在经济窘迫的那几年，这对年轻夫妇是靠着她年迈的叔伯才得以维持生活。

Part ofbenevolence comes from the Latin root meaning “wish.” The novels of CharlesDickens often include a benevolent figure who rescues the main characters atsome point—Mr. Brownlow in Oliver Twist, Abel Magwitch in David Copperfield,Mr. Jarndyce in Bleak House, Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol. To bebenevolent, it helps to have money, but it's not necessary; kind assistance of a nonfinancial sort may turn out to belifesaving benevolence as well.

Benevolence = bene（好）+ volen（祝愿） = 好心

狄更斯（Charles Dickens）的小说经常会有一个好心的角色（a benevolent figure），这个角色会在某一特定时间搭救小说中的主要人物，例如，《雾都孤儿》里的布朗洛，《大卫·科波菲尔》里的亚伯·马格韦契，《荒凉山庄》里的亚恩代斯先生，《圣诞颂歌》里的埃比尼泽·斯克鲁奇。想成为好心人，有一定财力是最好的，但并不是必须的，有时候，一个无关金钱的好意也可能成为拯救人一生的善举。

语法点1: 时间状语从句

文中出现地方： The moment the bishop had finished hisbenediction, she squeezed quickly out of her row and darted out the cathedral'sside entrance.

引导时间状语从句的从属连词（例如文中的“the moment”）很多，大概分为下面五类：

1）基本类：before, after,when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as

We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小就认识。

Don't promise him anything till we've had time to think about it.在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。

2）名词类：即由名词词组充当引导词，如，themoment, the minute, the second, the instant，均表示“一……就……”

I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。

3）副词类：即由副词充当引导词，如 immediately, directly, instantly

I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。

4）短语类：主要是几个涉及 time的短语，如，every time, each time,(the) next time, any time, the last time, the first time

My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房顶就漏。

I felt nervous each time I saw RoyWang. 每次见到王源我都紧张。

5）句型类：nosooner…than, hardly…when

Hardly were the words uttered when he began to regret them.话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。