3册-014**********************

1.超级句型： 

There was a time when…

原文：There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for “protection”.

曾有一个时期，芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取“保护”。

Eragon《龙骑士》：

Our beautiful lands have been ravaged by a ruthless king. And our people live under the shadow of tyranny. It wasn’t always like that. There was a time when our people lived in peace. Pretected by warriors astride mighty dragons. They are nothing but stories now. All we have is a hope that a dragon will be born and one will rise to lead us to freedom.

我们曾经美丽的家园如今被无情的国王践踏，我们的人民生活在暴政的阴影之下。然而，这里以前并不是这样的，曾经有一段时间，人们生活在和平的世界里，由骑着强大的飞龙的战士保护。然而，这一切现在却变成了传说。我们唯一的希望就是一条飞龙的重生，以及一位领袖的出现，带着我们飞向自由。

百老汇音乐剧Les Miserables《悲惨世界》

芳婷：I Dreamed a Dream《我曾有梦》

舞台剧版本／苏珊大妈英国达人秀上版本／音乐电影版Anne Hathaway

Victor Hugo 雨果

词曲家Herbert Kretzmer

歌词的第一段中，就出现了三次There was a time when…

I Dreamed a Dream

—Translated from French byHerbert Kretzmer

—Performed by Various Vocalists as Fantine

—Sung to you by Zoe

There was a time when men were kind

When their voices were soft

And their words inviting

There was a time when love was blind

And the world was a song

And the song was exciting

There was a time

Then it all went wrong

三句There was a time与最后的Then it all went wrong形成鲜明落差，这份对比，预示了接下来登场的层层悲剧。

课后挑战1：

1）曾几何时，我们迷失在生活中。

2）曾几何时，这片土地繁荣富庶，没有暴政，没有恐惧。

2. 介词词组代替动词表达时态

绕开实意动词变位，借助be动词、介词词组以及名词来完成时态的表达：

原文：Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. 

每次意大利各城邦之间打仗，Hawkwood就把他的士兵雇佣给愿意出高价的君主们。

正在打仗：be动词和介词词组at war with. 代替 The Italian city-states were having a war with each other.

1）可以来代替动作的进行时或者状态描写的结构：at，under，on，over

*at来坐镇：稳稳当当的延续状态

They were at war. 他们当时正在打仗。

They are at war. 他们现在正在打仗。

at加上某个地点，就能表示“正在那里做某事”，比如：

be at work／be at one’s office表示“在上班”；

be at school表示“正在上学”；

at the beach 在海边游玩等等。

*under来坐镇：延续状态＋被动感

那些计划正在讨论中，还没有结果。

The plans are being discussed now, but no decision has been reached.

（不推荐使用be being done）

The plans are under discussion now, but no decision has been reached.（推荐使用be动词＋介词短语） 

扩展：那些计划正在周密／秘密讨论中

那些计划正在周密讨论中：The plans are carefully being discussed now,…

那些计划正在秘密讨论中：The plans are secretly being discussed now,…

改写为：

The plans are under careful discussion now,…

The plans are under secret discussion now,…

课后挑战2：

许多问题正在全面讨论中。

某件事正在仔细考虑中

sth. is carefully being considered now （不推荐）

sth. be under careful consideration now（推荐）

你的提议正在审核中。

Your proposals are under review now.

（抛弃Your proposals are being reviewed now.）

嫌犯正在被审问。

The suspect is under interrogation at the moment.

（抛弃The suspect is being interrogated at the moment.）

我们当时正遭到严重袭击。

We were under serious attack at that time.

（抛弃We were seriously being attacked at that time.）

*on来坐镇：连续作战的高涨情绪和正面反馈

on fire

a. The house is on fire.房子着火了=The house is burning.

b. Achieving good results at a rapid rate. 在短时间内迅速获得连续的成功

That striker has scored four goals so far - he's on fire!

那名前锋目前已经连进4球了－赢得停不下来的节奏啊！

on a roll 连续获得成功，万事顺当

roll：连续滚动

If you are on the right track, everything rolls in the right direction.

I made a name for myself and I was on a roll, I couldn't see anything going wrong.

我靠自己的能力成名了，接二连三地获得成功，我觉得一切似乎一帆风顺。

*over来坐镇：左右开工两不误

She was reading the morning post over a cup of coffee and croissant.

她边读晨报边喝咖啡吃羊角面包。

croissant：可颂面包，或者羊角面包

对比：She was reading the morning post while drinking a cup of coffee and eating croissant.

会后，他们抽着烟、喝着酒，休息放松。

After the meeting, they relaxed over cigarettes and wines.

课后挑战3：

他就着一罐可乐，讲述了他自己的故事，

2）可以来代替将来时的结构：on， away

*on the way：感受神奇的“在路上”

Help is on the way! 救援马上就到！（抛弃Help will come soon.）

Help will come soon!

Help is coming!

对比三种表达。

她已经结婚，有一对双胞胎儿子，第三个宝宝也即将出世。

She is married with twin sons and a third child on the way. 

（抛弃…a third child is coming soon.）

The baby is finally here!

我家宝宝终于来啦！

*on the edge of：悬崖峭壁上的“失重感”

edge和brink都有“边缘”的意思

a. be on the razor's edge；be on a razor edge 

razor：剃须刀

To be in a difficult situation where any mistake will be very dangerous.

The company is on a razor edge.

这家公司随时会倒。

b. be on the edge of + 时间：the beginning or early part (of a period of time)

当时夜幕即将降临。

It was on the edge of evening.

故事发生在冬临之际。

The story took place on the edge of winter. 

c. be on the edge of + 状态：即将进入那种状态中

The country was on the edge of disaster.

该国家濒临灾难。

（抛弃：The country would soon get into disaster.）

她快要哭出来了。

She is on the edge of tears.

（抛弃：She will cry soon.）

扩展：brink

be on the brink of

眼看着我们马上就要成功了。

We are on the brink of success.

（抛弃We will succeed soon.）

他快疯了。

He is on the brink of madness.

（抛弃He will become mad soon. ）

*away（adv.）：一晃而过的时间 

再过3天就是他的生日了。

His birthday is only three days away.

再过两个礼拜就是圣诞节了呢。

Christmas is only two weeks away.

3）可以代替完成时的结构：through，into

*through：一鼓作气的家伙

会议开了一半的时候, 她突然走了进来。

生硬奇怪的说法：

We had already had half of the meeting when she went in.

正确打开方式：

Halfway through the meeting, she suddenly went in. 

她的第二部小说我已经看了一半了。

I'm halfway through (= reading) her second novel.

*into：探头探脑的家伙

暑假才过了一周，我已经把学校作业做完了。

One week into the summer vacation, I have finished all my school assignments. 

对比：暑假已经过去6周，我的学校作业还没动呢。

6 weeks through the summer vacation, I haven’t started on any of my school assignments yet.

课后挑战4：

1）比赛才进行了5分钟，他就意识到自己力不从心。

2）大约起飞后20分钟，飞行员报道了机上的一次失火。

课后挑战答案：

1.1）There was a time when we lost ourselves in life.

2）There was a time when this land flourished without tyranny or fear.

2. Many questions are under thorough discussion.

3. He told about his story over a coke.

4.1）Just 5 minutes into the game, he knew he was not up for it.

   2）About 20 minutes into the flight, the pilot reported a fire on board.