3册-004***************************

主题： 

英语写作中，上下文衔接是如何实现的？

1.  通过代词来衔接上下文内容

1）英语中的代词

2）用关系代词来衔接：who, whom, whose, which, that

These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices.

如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入，一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多。

请注意who的双重功能：从句和主句的衔接＋先行词的代替

随堂练：

1）a. An American team explored a temple.   

b. The temple stands in an ancient city.

答案：An American team explored a temple （which） stands in an ancient city.

2)  a. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure.

b. He immediately recognized the figure as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.

答案：In the torchlight, he caught sight ofa figure（whom） he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.

课后挑战1：

a. The descriptions given by people were extraordinarily similar.

b. People claimed to have seen the puma.

3）用指示代词来衔接: this, that, these, those

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. (This) can give rise to curious situations. 这常常会引起各种奇怪现象。

请注意指示代词的空间性，时间性和单复数：近指this远指that; 现在时与将来时用this, 过去时用that；复数形式用these/those。

 (That) would be all for today. You can leave now. 

今天就说到这儿，你现在可以走了。

(This) is all I want to say. 我不再多说什么了。（强调未来感）

(That) is all I want to say. 我就说这么多了。（强调已经说完）

Let bygones be bygones. You should put (those) out of your mind.

所谓既往不咎，你该把那些事儿抛至脑后。

课后挑战2：请在空格处填上指示代词this或者that.

1) You’ll have to see the headmaster. ____ is going out of my hands.

2) The music stopped, and ____ upset everyone.

2.  通过句式来衔接上下文内容

1) People who work in offices are frequently referred to as ‘white-collar workers’ (for the simple reason that) they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.   

坐办公室的人之所以常常被称作为“白领工人”，原因很简单，因为他们通常穿着硬领白衬衫。

请注意本结构与because的对比。

扩展：…for the obvious reason that…

本小节课后挑战：请同学使用 …for the obvious／simple reason that… 造句，来衔接前后因果关系的句子。

2) Suchis human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。

课后挑战3：使用句式衔接手段，完成下列翻译。

1）人们喜欢免费的东西，这就是人性。

2）人总是想得到他们得不到的东西，这就是人性。

3.  通过省略来衔接上下文

Alf’s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will.

Alf的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了。

Alf’s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will (discover that she married a dustman.) 括号内为省略部分。

请注意如何通过“缺省”来强化“上下文衔接”

课后挑战4：请划掉下列句子中的重复内容，以达到衔接前后文的效果。

1）John can play the guitar; Mary can play the guitar, too.

2）He has done it before, which means he will do it again.

课后扩展：请把下面句子中的3处括号内部分的衔接手段与a,b,c选项对号入座，并说出替代的内容。

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, (as) (it) (did) in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for Ellesmere Corporation.

a. 代词替代   b.动词性替代  c. 句式衔接

答案：as-c.句式衔接; it-a. 代词替代; did-b. 动词性替代

as表示“正如”, 句式手段；

it代指前句中的This,也就是代替that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.

did代指give rise to curious situations.

课后挑战参考答案

课后挑战1：

答案：The descriptions given by people （who） claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

课后挑战2：

答案：

1) You’ll have to see the headmaster. This is going out of my hands.

2)  The music stopped, andthat upset everyone.

课后挑战3：

答案：

1) Such is human nature that people like getting things for free.

2) Such is human nature that people want things beyond their reach.

课后挑战4：

答案：

1）John can play the guitar; Mary can (play the guitar), too.

2）He has done it before, which means he will (do it) again.