E08 | 鲁德亚德·吉卜林著名诗篇: 如果

《如果》（"If—"）是鲁德亚德·卜林（Rudyard Kipling）创作的一首著名诗篇，首次发表于1910年的《奖励与仙女》（"Rewards and Fairies"）一书中。这首诗以其深刻的人生智慧和鼓舞人心的信息，历经时间的考验，仍然吸引着读者。吉卜林在诗中以一系列条件句的形式，概述了一个人在面对生活挑战时应该具备的品质和美德。

诗中探讨了斯多葛主义和韧性、完整性和美德、平衡思维和适度、毅力和决心等主题。吉卜林强调了在逆境中保持冷静、坚持和正直的重要性，并鼓励读者在面对困难时展现出坚韧不拔的精神和道德力量。

《如果》的结构和形式也被精心设计，以增强其教诲的语气。这首诗由四个八行的诗节组成，每个诗节都有一个ABAB CDCD的韵律模式，除了第一个诗节，它有一个AAAA BCBC的韵律模式。整首诗使用了抑扬格五音步，每行有五个强调和非强调音节，创造了一种节奏感和旋律流动，使这首诗作为一个连贯和谐的作品，强化了每一诗节中传达的智慧和指导。

吉卜林在诗中使用了多种文学手法，包括重复、隐喻、头韵和意象。这些手法增强了诗歌的感染力，使其成为一首具有深刻见解的经久不衰的作品。

诗歌全文：

If—

By Rudyard Kipling

If you can keep your head when all about you   

    Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,   

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,

    But make allowance for their doubting too;   

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,

    Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,

Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,

    And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:

If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;   

    If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim;   

If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster

    And treat those two impostors just the same;   

If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken

    Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,

Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,

    And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools:

If you can make one heap of all your winnings

    And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,

And lose, and start again at your beginnings

    And never breathe a word about your loss;

If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew

    To serve your turn long after they are gone,   

And so hold on when there is nothing in you

    Except the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,   

    Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,

If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,

    If all men count with you, but none too much;

If you can fill the unforgiving minute

    With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,   

Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,   

    And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!

中文译文：

《如果》（If—）

作者： 拉迪亚德·吉卜林

If you can keep your head when all about you

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;

如果所有人都失去理智，咒骂你，

你仍能保持头脑情形；

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,

But make allowance for their doubting too;

如果所有人都怀疑你，

你仍能坚信自己，让所有的怀疑动摇；

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,

Or, being lied about,don't deal in lies,

Or, being hated, don't give way to hating,

And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;

如果你要等待，不要因此厌烦，

为人所骗，不要因此骗人，

为人所恨，不要因此抱恨，

不要太乐观，不要自以为是；

If you can dream - and not make dreams your master;

如果你是个追梦人——不要被梦主宰；

If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim;

如果你是个爱思考的人——光想会达不到目标；

If you can meet with triumph and disaster

And treat those two impostors just the same;

如果你遇到骄傲和挫折

把两者当骗子看待；

If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken

Twiseted by knaves to make a trap for fools,

如果你能忍受，你曾讲过的事实

被恶棍扭曲，用于蒙骗傻子；

Or watch the things you gave your life to broken,

And stoop and build 'em up with wornout tools;

看着你用毕生去看护的东西被破坏，

然后俯身，用破烂的工具把它修补；

If you can make one heap of all your winnings

And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,

And lose, and start again at your beginnings

And never breathe a word about your loss;

如果在你赢得无数桂冠之后，

突遇颠峰下跌之险，

失败过后，东山再起，

不要抱怨你的失败；

If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew

To serve your turn long after they are gone,

And so hold on when there is nothin in you

Except the Will which says to them:"Hold on!";

如果你能迫使自己，

在别人走后，长久坚守阵地，

在你心中已空荡荡无一物’

只有意志告诉你“坚持！”；

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,

Or walk with Kings -nor lose the common touch;

如果你与人交谈，能保持风度，

伴王行走，能保持距离；

If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;

如果仇敌和好友都不害你；

If all men count with you, but none too much;

如果所有人都指望你，却无人全心全意；

If you can fill the unforgiving minute

With sixty second' worth of distance run -

Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,

And - which is more - you'll be a Man my son!

如果你花六十秒进行短程跑，

填满那不可饶恕的一分钟——

你就可以拥有一个世界，

这个世界的一切都是你的，

更重要的是，孩子，你是个顶天立地的人。