每日听写 4.23

At the neurological level, greed is controlled by the reward centre of the brain.
在神经层面，贪婪由大脑的奖励中心控制。
Greedy people feel good when they choose the stuff they want, and this happens at the unconscious, emotional level of the brain, meaning there's little conscious awareness about how greedy actions might affect others, or be unfair.
贪婪的人在选择自己想要的东西时感觉良好，而这种情况发生在大脑的无意识、情感层面，这意味着人们很少有意识地意识到贪婪的行为可能会如何影响他人或不公平。
But what does this look like in real life? That's what University of California psychologist, Professor Paul Piff, investigated using the classic family board game, Monopoly.
但这在现实生活中是什么样子的呢？这就是加州大学心理学家保罗·皮夫教授使用经典家庭棋盘游戏“大富翁”进行的研究。
The game was rigged to give one 'rich' player an advantage by letting them roll two dice instead of one and collecting twice as much money as the 'poor' player when passing Go.
该游戏经过精心设计，让一名“富有”玩家掷两个骰子而不是一个，从而在通过围棋时获得“贫穷”玩家两倍的钱。
So, what happened when Professor Piff asked the 'rich' players why they had, inevitably, won the fixed game? Listen to the answer he gave to BBC Radio 4 programme, Seven Deadly Psychologies:
那么，当皮夫教授询问“富有”玩家为什么他们不可避免地赢得了固定游戏时，发生了什么？ 听听他在 BBC 广播四台节目《七种致命的心理学》中给出的答案：
…they took credit for their wins.
……他们把胜利归功于自己。
They talked about how they'd controlled their own outcomes, they talked about how it was the decisions they had made that had led to their being ultimately victorious, and not that flip of a coin that randomly got them into that position of privilege in the first place.
他们谈论他们如何控制自己的结果，谈论他们所做的决定如何导致最终的胜利，而不是抛硬币随机地让他们进入了特权地位。
Now, I don't know that this is a perfect model for how privilege, success or wealth operates in everyday life…
现在，我不知道这是特权、成功或财富如何在日常生活中运作的完美模型……
Some people indeed have worked themselves up by their own bootstraps and get what they have because they worked hard…
有些人确实是靠着自己的努力而获得了自己所拥有的一切……