2册-010************************

1.  Musical 

来自于Music，muse来自文艺女神缪斯。

1）有音乐天赋的

Someone who is musical has a natural ability and interest in music.

比如：一个人很懂音乐。 

Michael Jackson was very musical. 

Mozart出身于音乐世家。（听记1）

说一个人声音好听悦耳：

Abbey has a musical voice.

一个人如果五音不全，唱歌走调：

He is unmusical.

2）Musical表示和音乐相关的东西

乐器musical instrument

音乐盒musical box 

I bought a musical box as a birthday present for my friend.

音乐风格musical styles

People may prefer different musical styles.

有些人喜欢流行音乐：pop music

有些人喜欢古典音乐：classical music

有些人喜欢乡村音乐：country music

有些人喜欢民族音乐：folk music

有些人喜欢爵士音乐：Jazz music

【源于20世纪初美国黑人音乐】

有些人喜欢摇滚音乐：Rock & Roll

有些人喜欢R&B：Rhythm & Blues节奏布鲁斯

【起源于20世纪40年代美国黑人音乐】

有人喜欢饶舌音乐：Rap

【源于美国都市黑人音乐】

Rap是美国hip-hop文化的一部分。hip臀部，hop跳跃，摇摆，字面意思“摇摆的屁股”，20世纪80年代开始在美国黑人青年中间流行开来，以说唱乐、涂鸦艺术为主要表现形式。

Hip-hop is a form of popular culture which started among young black people in the United States in the 1980s. It includes rap music and graffiti(涂鸦) art.

尽管人们喜欢不同的音乐形式，但世界各国人民对于音乐的喜爱之情是共通的。Although people may choose different musical styles , people across the world share the same interest in music.

音乐是一种共通的“语言”，可以超越国界。 

Music is a universal “language”, which can transcend nationalities.

2. Instrument  

 n.乐器；仪器、器具(可数名词)

1) 乐器

学一门乐器是帮助孩子了解音乐的最好方式。（听记2）

2) 也可以指其他的器具，仪器

科学仪器scientific instrument

外科仪器surgical instruments

【surgical来自surgeon外科医生】

满清十大酷刑里的刑具 instruments of torture

3. Clavichord   n.古钢琴

Clavichord是一种类似小型钢琴的古乐器。

A clavichord is a musical instrument rather like a small piano.

当你按琴键的时候，一些小的金属片会弹上来集中琴弦。

When you press the keys, small pieces of metal come up and hit the strings.

这种琴在18世纪的欧洲比较流行。

Clavichords were especially popular in Europe during the eighteenth century.

它主要是一种练习乐器，以及用于作曲的辅助工具。

It was mostly used as a practice instrument and as an aid to composition.

这种琴的声音不大，一般不用于大型演出。

A clavichord is not loud enough for larger performances.

Chord n.和弦、和音(就是好几个音一起奏响)

当你听到一首歌触动了你的心弦,引起你强烈的共鸣，你可以说：

The music struck a chord with me.

* 触动心弦，引起共鸣strike a chord with sb. 

再举个例，你听了演讲，比如东欣老师的开学典礼，我讲到很多学英语的误区和错误方法。如果你有共鸣，你可以说：

Kevin’s speech about English learning struck a chord with me .

4. Recently  adv.最近

If something happened recently, it happened only a short time ago.

最近，我收到了Vicent的一封信。（听记3）

我已经最近一直没见过他。

I haven’t seen Vicent recently.

他最近在国外。

He has been abroad recently.  

近义词：lately adv.最近

5. Damage   v.破坏

1) damage往往是可以修复的破坏

彻底破坏用destroy

比如：你的手机掉在地上，屏幕坏了。

My cellphone was damaged, but it could be repaired.

这个时候一辆卡车开过，手机被压烂了。

My cellphone was destroyed by the truck, and it was not repairable.

2) 做名词：损坏

吸烟对于你的肺有损坏。（听记4）

口语中:

damage = money that is spent on sth.

吃完饭买单后，你问花了多少钱：

What is the damage? 

= How much is the bill ?

你买了辆很酷的自行车：

What is the damage for the bike ?

Just 100 yuan, the damage is not too bad.

6. Key   n.

1）琴键，或电脑的按键

键盘key board

2）钥匙

大门钥匙The key to the front door.

3）引申为问题的答案，帮助你打开解决问题之门

你知道问题的答案吗?（听记5）

4）答案往往是解决问题最关键的因素，所以Key有“关键”的意思

成功的关键是良好的准备。

The key to success is good preparation .

健康的两个关键在于饮食和锻炼。

Diet and exercise are two important keys to good health.

上网查资料要输入关键词。

You have to enter key words to search for the information you need.

7. String n.琴弦

吉他的弦：guitar strings

小提琴的弦：violin strings

大提琴的弦：cello strings   

Yo-yo Ma is a famous cellist(大提琴演奏家) . ['tʃɛlɪst]

弦乐器：stringed instruments

比如：吉他guitar ,小提琴violin ,大提琴cello ['tʃeləʊ]

管乐器：wind instruments  

比如：长笛flute,萨克斯管saxophone,小号trumpet

这两种乐器组合可以构成一个管弦乐队：orchestra

管弦乐团演奏的交响乐：symphony

8. Shock v.震惊

复习一下：表示人情绪的动词

变成形容词

令人震惊的：shocking

感到震惊的：shocked

表示惊讶的三个词：程度：

Surprised < Amazed < Shocked

When Tom returned home and found the door was open, Tom felt surprised.

When he entered the living room and saw everything was in a mess, he felt amazed.

When he rushed to his bedroom and found the safe box was gone, he felt shocked.

9. Allowv.允许

如果你在公共场合吸烟，有工作人员会对你说：(听记6）

如果严厉一点,比如在加油站：

Sorry sir, smoking is forbidden here.

如果只是善意提醒：

Sorry, smoking is a no-no here.

用法：allow sb. to do sth.

记得在大学时有个教授说：你们上课可以睡觉但是不可以打呼噜。

You are allowed to sleep in my class , if you feel really sleepy, but you are not allowed to snore while you are sleeping.

10. Touch v.触碰；感动

1） 触碰

口语中：有人在动你的东西，别碰我的东西

Don’t touch my stuff.

Don’t touch me!

touch-me-not凤仙花

凤仙花的种子都在一个荚里，它成熟后，碰一下，荚会爆裂开来，里面的种子就会蹦出来，落在周围。

Touch-me-not produces special pods. When the pods are ripe, they will burst (爆裂) on being touched, scattering（撒开）the seeds.

touch-me-not

也可以指一种非常高傲的人或者态度

She is such a touch-me-not .      

反过来：容易接近打交道的人：an easy-going person

2）感动

The movie is very touching. We are touched by the story.

We are moved by the movie.

3）作为名词: 

Keep in touch = Keep in contact

听记答案

1. Mozart came from a musical family.  

2. Learning a musical instrument is the best way to help kids understand music.

3. Recently I received a letter from my friend Vicent.

4. Smoking causes damage to your lungs.

5. Do you know the key to the question?

6. Sorry sir, smoking is not allowed here.

或：you are not allowed to smoke here.