Though you could say fashion dates back to early civilizations like the Egyptians and Romans, the modern fashion house started in the 19th century.
时尚可以追溯到早期文明时代,比如古埃及和古罗马时期,而现代时装公司则始于19世纪。
Charles Frederick Worth is known as the father of haute couture, and the first designer to sew a label with his name into his designs.
查尔斯·弗雷德里克·沃思被誉为高级时装之父,他也是第一个把自己的名字缝在服装上的设计师。
His House of Worth in Paris was also the first boutique to use live models to demonstrate the look of his designs.
他在巴黎的“沃思之家”也是第一家使用真人模特来展示其设计的时装店。
Couture items were custom made for the person wearing it and measured to fit.
高级定制服装是专为穿衣人量身定做的。
This made pieces very expensive and time consuming to produce.
这使得零部件的生产相当昂贵和耗时。
The fashion house couture designs were reserved for high society and royalty.
时装店的高级定制设计是专为上流社会和皇室而打造的。
Back then, middle and lower class people only owned two or three outfits, and simple ones at that.
那时候,中下阶级的人只有两三套衣服,且大都比较简朴。
As fashion changed, they would alter their existing wardrobe adding details like collars and buttons to keep up to date.
随着时尚的变化,服饰特点也悄然变化,增加了衣领和纽扣等细节来追赶潮流。
But as the Industrial Revolution ramped up, fabric became cheaper, labor became more mechanized.
但随着工业革命的到来,布料变得更加便宜,劳动力也日渐机械化。
And by the 1900s, most people were wearing clothing off the rack produced in different sizes.
到了20世纪,大多数人都穿上了配备不同尺寸的成品衣。
Yet fashion houses still exist today, including names like Chanel and Dior and Versace.
但时至今日,时装公司仍然存在,包括像香奈儿、迪奥和范思哲这样的品牌。
And they usually create two lines, ready to wear for resale in stores, and couture, for highly elite clients.
他们通常会设计两种服装系列,一种是准备在商店里转卖的服装,另一种是为高级客户设计的高级定制服装。
Think the gowns you see at the Academy Awards.
就像你在奥斯卡颁奖典礼上看到的礼服那样。
Many designers also make pieces that may never be worn by people at all, but instead, demonstrate the designer's artistry and mastery at a certain technique.
许多设计师也制作一些人们可能根本不会穿的衣服,这是为了展示设计师在某种技术上的艺术性和精通程度。
Japanese artist Issey Miyake became well-known for a technique he perfected.
日本艺术家三宅一生因其精湛的技艺而闻名。
Issey was born in Hiroshima, Japan.
三宅一生出生在日本广岛。
He later lived in Paris and then New York City before returning to Japan to found his own studio, the Miyake Design Studio.
他曾居住于巴黎,随后来到纽约,之后又回到日本创立了自己的工作室——三宅设计工作室。
In the 1980s, he began to experiment with pleating fabric vertically with hundreds of tiny folds.
20世纪80年代,他开始尝试在织物上打出数百个垂直的小褶。
This process had been used before back in the early 1900s.
早在20世纪初,这种方法就已经被使用了。
Italian designer Mariano Fortuny made a name for himself with the Delphos dress, a gown made of silk folded into hundreds of delicate pleats.
意大利设计师马里亚诺·福图尼因德尔福斯的裙子而出名,他用丝绸折成拥有数百个精致褶皱的礼服。
But Miyake took the technique a step further and made dresses that looked almost like sculpture.
但三宅一生将这一技术精进,做出了看起来几乎像雕塑一样的裙子。
He would use armatures or frames, creating simple to complex abstract designs with this delicate silk fabric.
他曾借助电枢或者是框架,用精致的丝绸织物创造出从简单到复杂的抽象设计。
Yet his fabrics were so comfortable to wear that he also designed items for everyday use.
但由于他所使用的面料穿起来十分舒适,所以他还设计了一些日常服饰。
Fun fact, guess who designed those signature black turtlenecks Apple founder Steve Jobs wore?
有趣的是,猜猜看苹果创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯穿的那些标志性的黑色高领毛衣是谁设计的?
Yep.
是的。
That was Miyake.
正是三宅一生。
Chances are, you might even be wearing something inspired by Miyake designs.
所以你很有可能正在穿着因三宅一生而启发设计灵感的衣服。
Amazing how fashion design really can be a practical, sculpture, or wearable piece of art.
令人惊讶的是,时装设计真的可以成为一件实用、雕塑或可穿戴的艺术品。
Over at the Cincinnati Art Museum we go behind the scenes at the museum's textile department to look at a prized Miyake in their collection.
在辛辛那提艺术博物馆,我们来到博物馆纺织部门的幕后,看看他们收藏的珍贵的三宅一生收藏品。
Let's go check it out.
一起去看看吧。
We're here at the Cincinnati Art Museum to get a behind the scenes look.
我们来到辛辛那提艺术博物馆来一探究竟。
We're actually in the textile and fashion storage area.
我们现在实际上是位于纺织品和时装储藏区。
And we are here with Cynthia.
与我们同行的是辛西娅。
And she is going to give us an amazing behind the scenes look at particularly this piece.
她将给我们带来这幅作品令人惊叹的幕后故事。
Thank you so much, Cynthia, for your time.
辛西娅,非常感谢你能抽出时间。
Glad to be here.
十分荣幸。
Tell us.
跟我们讲讲吧。
I mean, this is incredible just looking at this.
我觉得光是看着就已经太不可思议了。
What are we looking at?
我们现在看到的是什么?
This is a dress called the minaret dress by a Japanese designer whose name is Issey Miyake.
这是日本设计师三宅一生设计的一件名为“尖塔裙”的衣服。
He showed his first collection in Paris in the early 1970s, and is still working today.
20世纪70年代初,他在巴黎展示了他的第一个系列,而他至今仍在工作。
Really? Cool.
真的吗? 太酷了。
And his hallmark is really this pleating that we see in this piece.
他的标志性设计就是我们在这幅作品中看到的褶皱。
So this is actually called the minaret dress because it resembles a minaret, the tall slender tower that has this kind of shape.
所以这之所以被称为尖塔裙,是因为它形似尖塔,有着像高塔一般细长的形状。
But he has created pieces that are very much related to origami, so another Japanese technique of paper folding.
但他创作的作品与折纸艺术也有很大关系,折纸是日本的另一种技术。
And he's created pieces that fold down into two dimensional shapes.
他创造了可以折叠成二维形状的碎片。
But then when you open them up they become a three dimensional dress on the body.
但当你把它们打开时,它们就变成了一件立体的衣服。
Oh yeah, I assume that once this is taken off it just literally is going to collapse into itself.
哦,是的,我认为一旦把它拿下来,它就会自动坍缩。
That's right.
没错。
It just folds down flat in a big circle.
它可以平折成一个大圆。
I don't know much.
我知道的不多。
So how difficult would it be, the pleating process in itself?
那么制作褶皱的过程究竟有多困难呢?
Well he pioneered this pleating with polyester fabric.
他开创了用聚酯织物制作褶皱的先路。
So it's permanently pleated.
所以它是永久性褶皱的。
And what he would actually do is create a garment that was oversized.
实际上他要制作一件超大的衣服。
So he would construct the garment and then put it into the pleater so that it would shrink down in size.
他先制作出这件衣服,然后把它放进制造褶皱的仪器中,这样它的尺寸就会缩小。
So the garment was actually pleated after it was constructed.
所以衣服是在做成之后打褶的。
Is this, kind of, more of him experimenting them as an artist, of figuring out what he could do with the pleat design?
所以说这更多的是他作为一名艺术家的实验,他想弄清楚他能在褶裥设计上做些什么是吗?
Well, Miyake is interesting because he started out making garments out of very natural materials, so cotton and linen and oversized.
嗯,三宅一生很有趣,因为他一开始是用非常天然的材料做衣服的,棉的、亚麻的、宽松的。
And then began to explore textile technology.
然后便开始探索纺织技术。
So that's when he started doing pleating and crushing and folding of his textiles.
从那时起,他开始对他的纺织品进行挤压和折叠。
He's very interested in the technology.
他对这项技术很感兴趣。
So he's pushed the boundaries in terms of creating new kinds of textiles for his particular designs.
因此,他在为自己的特殊设计创造新型纺织品方面突破了界限。
He's always looking for new ways to change the textile so that it will be comfortable to wear and move easily on the body.
他一直在寻找新的方法来改变纺织品,使它能穿起来更加舒适和便于行动。
And this is a little bit unusual for him.
这对他来说有点不寻常。
It's a little more sculptural than he usually does.
这件服装比他平时的作品更像雕塑。
But many of his pieces are made so that the wearer is kind of part of the design.
而他的许多作品都是这样设计的,把穿戴者也认为是设计的一部分。
So that it becomes more sculpture when you put it on.
所以当你穿上它的时候,它变得更像雕塑。
And also, it is able to be arranged on the body in different ways by each individual who wears the piece.
而且,穿戴它的人可以将它以不同的方式穿在身上。
Well one question I had for you, Cynthia.
辛西娅,我有个问题要问你。
So how, knowing with your work at the museum, how do we take care of this thing so it sticks around for centuries?
根据你在博物馆的工作,请告诉我们该如何保护好这件衣服,让它能保存几个世纪?
Well, we're in our storage area which is temperature humidity controlled.
我们储藏区的温度和湿度是控制好的。
So that's a very important element in caring for all works of art is to keep them very stable in terms of temperature and humidity.
保护所有艺术作品的一个非常重要的因素是将它们保持在非常稳定的温度和湿度中。
We also keep these particular objects in the dark.
我们也把这些特殊的作品置于黑暗中。
So all textiles are light sensitive.
所有的纺织品都是感光的。
Which means not only will they fade, but light can actually make the fibers brittle.
这意味着它们不仅会褪色,而且光线也会使它们的纤维变脆。
So when we're not up here, it's dark in here.
所以我们不在这里的时候,这里的灯都是关闭的。
Thank you so much again, Cynthia, for your time and your extensive knowledge in fashion.
辛西娅,再次感谢你花时间让我们了解你渊博的时尚知识。
I super appreciate it.
我非常感激。
Great, sure.
不客气。
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