着重从历代注解中理解论语的内涵
并透过英国汉学家李雅各的翻译学习英文
主讲人: 燃灯书院 朱老师
子曰:“管仲之器小哉。” 或曰:“管仲俭乎?”
曰:“管氏有三归,官事不摄,焉得俭?”
“然则管仲知礼乎?”
曰:“邦君树塞门,管氏亦树塞门。邦君为两君之好,有反坫,管氏亦有反坫。管氏而知礼,孰不知礼?”
注解:
1:管仲之器小哉—论语集注:「管仲,齐大夫,名夷吾,相桓公霸诸侯。器小,言其不知圣贤大学之道,故局量褊(音扁,狭小、狭隘)浅、规模卑狭,不能正身修德以致主于王道。」皇侃疏引孙绰云:「功有余而德不足,以道观之,得不曰小乎?」
2:管氏有三归,官事不摄—论语注疏包曰:「三归,娶三姓女。妇人谓嫁曰归。摄,犹兼也。礼,国君事大,官各有人;大夫兼并。今管仲家臣备职,非为俭。」(清)俞樾羣经平议:「卽以管仲言,谓管仲自朝而归。其家有三处也。家有三处,则钟鼓帷帐不移而具从可知矣。故足见其奢。」
3:邦君树塞门—邢昺疏:「邦君,诸侯也。屏,谓之树。人君别内外于门,树屏以蔽塞之。大夫当以帘蔽其位耳。今管仲亦如人君,树屏以塞门也。」
4:反坫—邢昺疏:「反坫,反爵(酒器)之坫(古代君主会盟宴飨时,于献礼完毕,作为放回酒杯用的土台,高可屏蔽),在两楹(厅堂前的直柱)之间。人君与邻国为好会(指诸侯间友好的会盟),其献酢(主宾相互敬酒)之礼更酌(饮酒),酌毕则各反爵于坫上。大夫则无之。今管仲亦有反爵之坫。僭(音建,超越本分)滥(过度、失当)如此,是不知礼也。」
5:论语集注苏轼曰:「自修身正家以及于国,则其本深,其及者远,是谓大器。扬雄所谓『大器犹规矩准绳』,先自治而后治人者是也。管仲三归反坫,桓公内嬖(音必,内嬖指受国君宠爱的妇人)六人,而霸天下,其本固已浅矣。管仲死,桓公薨(音轰,古代诸侯或大官死亡),天下不复宗齐。」
(子曰:“管仲之器小哉。”)
The Master said, "Small indeed 确实 was the capacity 器度 of Kwan Chung 管仲!"
(或曰:“管仲俭乎?”曰:“管氏有三归,官事不摄,焉得俭?”)
Some one said, "Was Kwan Chung 管仲 parsimonious节俭的?" "Kwan," was the reply, "had the San Kwei 三归, and his officers 官员 performed 执行;做 no double 两人的;双重的 duties 职务; how can he be considered parsimonious?"
(“然则管仲知礼乎?”)
"Then, did Kwan Chung know the rules of propriety 礼?"
(曰:“邦君树塞门,管氏亦树塞门。邦君为两君之好,有反坫,管氏亦有反坫。管氏而知礼,孰不知礼?”)
The Master said, "The princes of States 邦君 have a screen 屏风 intercepting 阻挡 the view 视野 at their gates. Kwan had likewise 同样地,照样地 a screen at his gate. The princes of States on any friendly meeting between two of them, had a stand 土台;坫 on which to place their inverted 倒置的 cups. Kwan had also such a stand. If Kwan knew the rules of propriety 礼, who does not know them?"
[capacity 器度: capac---that can contain 容纳]
[parsimonious 节俭的: pars---to spare 节约, save 节省,节约]
[intercept 阻挡: inter---between; cept---to take, seize, catch]
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