Heads Up Sociology
By DK
Read by: Kimberly Parker
--What is SOCIOLOGY?
ARE MEN AND WOMEN REALLY THAT DIFFERENT WHY ARE SOME
PEOPLE SUPER-RICH WHEN OTHERS ARE HOMELESS WHY DO
SOME PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES THESE ARE SOME OF THE
QUESTIONS AT THE HEART OF LIFE AS A HUMAN BEING AND IF
YOU HAVE ASKED QUESTIONS LIKE THESE, THEN YOU ARE
ALREADY A BUDDING SOCIOLOGIST. SOCIOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF
SOCIETY BUT IT IS ALSO A FRESH WAY OF THINKING ABOUT THE
WORLD.
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Sociologists, the people who study sociology, are interested in the ways in which
individuals, groups, and societies are shaped and how they interact with each
other. They look at how social institutions such as the family, the education
system, religions, and governments work, and consider the ways in which they
impact on people’s lives.
Sociology emerged at the end of the 18th century, when large parts of the world
were changing rapidly because of increasing industrialization. German
philosopher, Karl Marx, and other thinkers of the time, were concerned with the
growing inequality they saw. They wanted to understand what was happening
and the effect it was having on people and societies. Sociology is a social
science that uses a range of methods to investigate the social world. Using
evidence and logic, it develops and tests theories such as Marxism and feminism,
which can help this process. To be a sociologist also requires what US
sociologist Charles Wright Mills called the “Sociological Imagination” – the
ability to challenge common sense ideas about the world and to ask new
questions. For instance, we might ask “Why do we have problems like racism
and homophobia ” or “Does the news tell the truth ”
Most importantly, sociology offers the possibility of understanding our lives
more fully and of making them better. As Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman
said, the purpose of sociology is “to come to the help of the individual”.
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--What do SOCIOLOGISTS DO
SOCIOLOGY IS CONCERNED WITH PEOPLE, AND SOCIOLOGISTS
LEARN A VARIETY OF SKILLS THAT CAN BE USED IN MANY
DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONS. SOCIOLOGISTS ARE ABLE TO ANALYSE
INFORMATION, THEY HAVE AN ENQUIRING MIND, AND THEY LIKE
TO DIG A LITTLE DEEPER INTO ISSUES. MANY PEOPLE WHO STUDY
SOCIOLOGY WILL WANT TO BRING THEIR SKILLS AND
KNOWLEDGE TO AREAS OF WORK THAT HELP PEOPLE WHO ARE
STRUGGLING IN SOCIETY, OR THEY MAY ENJOY WORKING TO
BRING THE BEST OUT OF PEOPLE.
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ACADEMIC SOCIOLOGISTS
Lecturer
A lecturer works in a college or university. He or she gives lectures to large
groups of students in a particular area of sociology, and discusses it with them in
small groups or seminars. A lecturer also writes books and articles (papers)
about sociology.
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Researcher
Also working in a college or university, a researcher spends his or her time
looking into projects that will reveal more about important social issues.
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Writer
Some academic sociologists spend most of their time writing books and papers
for publication in journals. The books may be to introduce readers to the subject
or be in-depth discussions and analysis of a particular topic.
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SOCIOLOGISTS IN PUBLIC SERVICE
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Police
A lot of sociology is about why things go wrong for some individuals. This
knowledge can be useful for people working in the police or prison services. It
can help them understand why people break the law and how they can be helped.
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Social worker
Sociology highlights why some people struggle in society. Understanding the
issues people face and how they affect people can help a social worker improve
the lives of vulnerable or socially excluded people (people who feel isolated or
neglected in society).
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Politician
Sociology helps people understand how society works and what makes a good
society, which is something every politician should know. Sociology can
uncover causes of inequality and discrimination.
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Policy analyst
A policy analyst works to think up government policies that will help society run
more smoothly and fairly for everyone.
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Teacher
Studying sociology can help uncover what motivates and stimulates people –
Studying sociology can help uncover what motivates and stimulates people –
ideal skills for a teacher. Knowing the issues that some families can face in
society also helps teachers find ways to work with students who are struggling.
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SOCIOLOGISTS IN BUSINESS
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Recruitment
Understanding what motivates people and the opportunities that are available for
them in society can help anyone who works in recruitment to match the right
person to the right job.
Human resources
Working in human resources (HR) in an office or other workplace, requires
working with people to develop their potential. Sociology can help explain how
and why people behave in certain ways in an environment such as an office.
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Marketing
Understanding how society works and noticing people’s patterns of behaviour
are ideal skills for working in marketing. This knowledge would help marketing
professionals develop a marketing strategy for a product.
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--RESEARCH methods
SOCIOLOGY IS A SCIENCE – OR RATHER A SOCIAL SCIENCE –
WHICH SEEKS TO FIND OUT HOW SOCIETY WORKS. LIKE OTHER
SCIENCE SUBJECTS, IT RELIES ON RESEARCH TO MAKE NEW
DISCOVERIES AND INSIGHTS. SOCIOLOGISTS DO NOT CARRY OUT
EXPERIMENTS IN THE LABORATORY, THEY TRY TO ENGAGE AS
MUCH AS POSSIBLE WITH PEOPLE TO FIND OUT HOW THEY
UNDERSTAND THE SOCIETY IN WHICH THEY LIVE. THESE ARE
SOME OF THE MOST COMMON WAYS A SOCIOLOGIST GATHERS
INFORMATION.
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Interviews
An approach called a “semi-structured interview”, is a sort of guided
conversation. The interviewer creates a relaxed atmosphere for the participants
to talk freely about how the subject being researched affects their life. It does not
matter whether something is true or false. What matters is what is meaningful for
the people being interviewed, and how they interpret and understand the world
around them.
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Focus groups
Setting up a focus group is a way to find out how a small group of people feel
about a particular situation. The sociologist gathers between six and twelve
people who typically all have something in common. For example, they could all
be members of the same community, workplace, or youth group. As well as
gathering information about the subject of the research, the sociologist is also
observing how the members of the group interact.
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Surveys and statistics
If a researcher wants to gain information from a larger number of participants, he
or she may use a survey. This consists of carefully planned questions that have a
limited number of responses. The researcher will analyse the results and identify
patterns.
Statistics from governments or organizations (called data sets) provide
information based on the responses of thousands of people. “Big data” gathered
from huge amounts of people and processed by computers, brings insights into
the attitudes of people around the world.
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Ethnography
In some cases, a researcher tries to blend in with a group, such as a community
or a workplace, spending a long time, possibly years, observing and noting how
the members of the group live and what their values and customs are. This
process, known as ethnography, tries to get as close to the experience of the
members as possible. It can be a challenging undertaking; to be part of a
community and not reveal that you are a researcher requires a lot of planning,
though you can also take a more open approach.
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