英语故事丨100多年前就有“粉丝”，原来这些流行语早就在用了！

100多年前就有“粉丝”，原来这些流行语早就在用了！｜Words That Are Much Older Than They Seem

Friend, as a verb

A common lament in pieces about “kids these days and their social whatsawhozits” is “when did friend become a verb?” The answer is: Sometime in the 1400s, if not earlier. In the earliest examples of the verb friend from the OED, it just means "to make friends." You could go to a place, and friend some people there. It also had the meaning of helping someone out, being a friend to them, e.g., “Reports came that the King would friend Lauderdale,” an example from 1698.

当代年轻人的社交活动，让人不禁感慨，“friend（成为好友）什么时候变成动词了？”答案是：不晚于14世纪。Friend做动词的例子最早出现在《牛津英语词典》中，表示“交朋友”。你可以去一个地方，和那里的人交朋友。Friend还有帮助别人，成为朋友的意思，例如1698年的一个例子，“有报道说国王会帮助劳德代尔”。

Unfriend

If you could friend someone, it was only natural, according to the productive rules of English word formation, that you could unfriend them, too. The word shows up in this example from 1659: “I Hope, Sir, that we are not mutually un-friended by this difference which hath happened betwixt us.”

如果能用friend表示“成为好友”，那么根据英语词汇构成规则，自然也可以用unfriend表示“移除好友”。这个关于unfriend的例子出现在1659年：“先生，我希望我们不会因为已经存在的分歧而绝交。”

Hangout

Hang out has been used as a verb for passing the time since at least the 1830s. In the Pickwick Papers (1837), Charles Dickens wrote: "I say, old boy, where do you hang out?"

至少从19世纪30年代起，“hang out（闲逛）”就用作打发时间的动词。查尔斯·狄更斯在《匹克威克外传》（1837）中写道：“我说，老家伙，你在哪里闲逛？”

Funky

The application of funky to music came around the 1930s, but the “strong smell” sense had been around long before that. Since the 1600s, funk was slang for the stale smell of tobacco smoke, and by extension, anything that stank. Cheeses, rooms, and especially ship’s quarters could be described as funky.

20世纪30年代，人们开始用funky（放克风格的）形容音乐，但早在那之前，funky就表示“强烈的气味”相关的感觉。自17世纪以来，funk作为俚语，指烟草的陈腐气味，并由此引申为任何有臭味的东西。奶酪、房间，尤其是船舱，都可以用funky（恶臭的）来形容。

Fanboy and fangirl

The application of fanboy to comics and science fiction had to wait until the '70s, but before that, there were sports fans, and in 1919 the paper in Decatur, Illinois, reported that, “it was a shock to the fan boys when Cincinnati ... beat the Chicago White Sox.” The first citation for fangirl is from 1934: “Mary ... dashed out through the rain so swiftly that only two of the fan-girls caught her.”

上世纪70年代，漫画和科幻小说开始拥有“粉丝”，但在此之前已经出现体育粉，1919年，伊利诺伊州迪凯特的报纸报道，“辛辛那提击败芝加哥白袜队时，男粉丝们感到震惊。”1934年，女粉丝（fangirl）第一次被引用：“玛丽……不顾雨水迅速冲了出去，以至于只有两个女粉丝发现了她。”

美国新冠感染人数或超1.4亿｜More than 140M COVID-19 infections in the US

The true number of Covid infections in the United States may be double the official figures according to the country’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

美国疾病控制和预防中心报告称，美国实际新冠感染人数可能是官方公布数字的两倍。

After analyzing findings, the CDC said as of Jan 31, 140,018,000 people have been infected in the US.

经过分析调查，美疾控中心报告称，截至1月31日，美国已有140018000人感染新冠病毒。

This is just under half of the nation's total population, 43 percent, and nearly double the official case count. The total also includes reinfections.

这一数字占美国总人口的43%，几乎是官方公布确诊病例数的两倍，其中还包括再感染病例。

Severe undercounting of Covid cases has long been expected by health experts, as currently only people that get tested are included in figures.

长期以来，卫生专家一直认为新冠病毒感染人数存在严重漏报，因为目前官方数据只包括经过检测的人。

There are many people that might know they are sick and likely have Covid, but don’t bother to get tested.

还有很多人可能知道自己生病了，可能感染了新冠病毒，只是懒得去做检测。

Around a third of Covid cases are also asymptomatic, meaning a person could be actively infected and have no idea.

大约三分之一的感染者是无症状感染者，这意味着有人可能并未察觉自己感染了新冠病毒。

中国空间站今年将全面建成| Tiangong scheduled for completion this year

China's Tiangong space station is scheduled to be completed before the end of this year and will become a massive spacecraft with a combined weight of nearly 100 metric tons, according to a program leader. Zhou Jianping, chief designer of the nation's manned space program, said the assembly phase of the Tiangong program will begin in May and will involve the launch of two astronaut crews, two space labs and two cargo ships. Zhou made the remarks on Friday at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing before the opening of the fifth session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The scientist is a member of the CPPCC National Committee, the top political advisory body in China.

全国政协委员、中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平3月4日在全国政协十三届五次会议首场“委员通道”上表示，中国空间站今年将全面建成，总质量接近100吨。周建平介绍，从5月起，我国空间站工程将进入建造阶段。今年年内将发射2个空间站实验舱、2艘载人飞船、2艘货运飞船。

"We will send six astronauts in the Shenzhou XIV and XV mission crews. The Shenzhou XIV crew will be responsible for monitoring the docking between the Tianhe core module and the two space labs and then configuring the two labs," he said. "The Shenzhou XV crew will fly to the station around year's end to meet their Shenzhou XIV peers and that will be an exciting moment all of us are eager to see."

我们今年将再把6名航天员送入中国空间站，神舟十四号乘组在轨期间将迎来两个实验舱的到来。我们的神舟十五号乘组将在今年年底前飞向中国空间站，与神舟十四号乘组"会师"太空，这将是一个非常令我们期待的时刻。

lament

英 [ləˈment]; 美 [ləˈment]

n.挽歌，悼文；表达哀伤（或痛惜）之情的言辞；抱怨

v.对……感到悲痛，对……表示失望；抱怨

stale

英 [steɪl]; 美 [steɪl]

adj.（食物）不新鲜的，变味的；气味不清新的，难闻的；没有新意的，老掉牙的

stank

英 [stæŋk]; 美 [stæŋk]

n.池塘；水沟；小水坝

v.发出恶臭（stink的过去式）

undercount

英 [ʌndəˈkaʊnt]; 美 [ˌʌndərˈkaʊnt]

v.少计（尤指人口统计数）

 n.少计（额）

asymptomatic

英[ˌeɪsɪmptəˈmætɪk];美[ˌeɪsɪmptəˈmætɪk]

adj.无症状的

configure

英[kənˈfɪɡə(r)];美[kənˈfɪɡjər]

v.安装，装配；（计算机）配置，设定