81.三餐太咸影响健康Three meals too salty for your health

As a common malignant tumour in China, it tops the list of all malignant tumours in China, both in terms of incidence and mortality. Furthermore, the mortality rate of stomach cancer is on the rise in China, and research on the prevention of stomach cancer is therefore one of the key national issues.
The factors that cause stomach cancer are complex and varied, including a high-salt diet. In other words, eating three salty meals a day can lead to a higher risk of stomach cancer.
Zhou, who has just celebrated her 60th birthday this year, is at the age of retirement and receives a substantial pension every month. She originally thought that she would not have to worry about school and students anymore and would just retire at home after retirement, but she never thought that after just a few months, she would have frequent health problems.
At the beginning, Zhou only had a slight loss of appetite, but she slowly developed symptoms of pain in her upper abdomen, which, combined with the loss of appetite, led to her daughter, who works abroad all year round, noticing the abnormality and repeatedly urging her to go to the hospital for a check-up during a video call.
No check-ups are not known, a check-up is a shock. The result was like a bolt from the blue, and Zhou asked the doctor in disbelief: "Isn't this just a common stomach problem? How can the test result be stomach cancer? Is there a mistake?"
After a detailed understanding, the doctor found that Zhou's mother usually likes to eat some over-salty food, or perhaps because of the degeneration of her taste buds, she feels very bland no matter what she eats, plus she is a true northerner herself, so she has three heavy meals a day.
Even her partner felt the same as eating salt when she ate it. At first, Zhou thought her partner was "picking on her", but now, looking back, it's a little scary.
So, why is eating too much salt prone to stomach cancer?
Japanese and British scientists have found through a series of scientific studies that when a person eats an excessive amount of high-salt food, it makes the gastric contents seep higher, and the gastric mucosa is damaged and even congested with blood.
In addition, the long-term intake of high-salt foods also inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin E. If the synthesis of prostaglandin E, a substance that is effective in improving the resistance of the gastric mucosa, is restricted, the gastric mucosa is unprotected and damaged, which can easily lead to ulcers or gastritis.
High salt and salted foods also contain high levels of nitrates, which can be synthesised in the stomach with secondary amines to form carcinogenic amines nitrite, leading to stomach and digestive tract cancers.
译文：
作为我国常见的一种恶性肿瘤，不管是发病率还是死亡率，都位居我国所有恶性肿瘤的榜首位置。而且，目前胃癌的死亡率在国内也呈现出了逐渐上升的趋势，胃癌的预防研究也因此被列入国家重点攻克的课题之一。
而引起胃癌的因素复杂且多样，其中就包括高盐饮食。也就是说，一日三餐都吃得太咸，也会导致胃癌的风险性增高。
今年才刚过完六十大寿的周大妈，正好到了退休的年纪，每个月都能拿不少退休金，原本想着不必再为了学校和学生的事情操心，退休后在家好好养老就行，哪曾想，才过了短短几个月的时间，身体却频频出现问题。
一开始的时候，周大妈只是轻微的食欲不振，没想到慢慢地就出现了上腹部疼痛的症状，再加上食欲不振，身体开始日渐消瘦，这让常年在外地工作的女儿发现了异常，在打电话视频的视频反复叮嘱她去医院检查一下。
不检查不知道，一检查吓一跳。在经过全方面的检查之后，周大妈收到的竟是一张胃癌确诊的通知单，这个结果无异于晴天霹雳，周大妈不敢相信地向医生问道：“我这个不就是普通的胃病吗？怎么检查结果是胃癌呢？是不是搞错了？”
在经过详细了解之后，医生发现周大妈平时就喜欢吃一些过咸的食物，也有可能是因为味蕾退化，她不管是吃什么东西都觉得很淡，再加上她本身就是个地地道道的北方人，所以一日三餐都很重口。
就连老伴吃了，都觉得和“吃盐”没什么两样。周大妈一开始以为这是老伴在“挑刺”，如今回想起来，竟让人有些后怕。
那么，为什么吃得过咸会容易引起胃癌呢？
日本和英国的科学家经过一系列的科学研究发现，当人吃下过量的高盐食物后，就会使得胃内容物渗压变高，胃黏膜也会因此受到损伤，甚至是充血糜烂。
另外，长期摄入高盐食物，还会抑制前列腺素E的合成。作为一种能够有效提高胃黏膜抵抗力的物质，前列腺素E的合成一旦受限，那么胃黏膜就失去了保护，受到损害之后，就很容易引起溃疡或胃炎。
与此同时，高盐以及盐渍食物里还含有大量的硝酸盐，在胃内可与二级胺化合成致癌物质亚硝酸胺，最终导致胃癌以及消化道癌肿的发生。