82.幽门螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori

As a microaerobic Gram-negative bacterium, H. pylori is a demanding bacterium that often "resides" in the gastric mucosa, especially in the deep mucus glands of the gastric sinus, and is not affected by gastric acid.
A growing number of studies have identified and confirmed a strong link between H. pylori, or HP, and the development and extent of diseases such as peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis.
In China, HP infection is found in nearly 60% of patients with peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis, and it is no exaggeration to call it the "culprit" of gastric disease.
The first thing that most people think of when they are infected with H. pylori is to treat it with conventional medication. As an antimicrobial agent, metronidazole is not only anti-amoebic and anti-treponemal, but is also reliably effective against anaerobic infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts. As a result, metronidazole was once known as the "nemesis" of H. pylori.
Although it has been recognised as the drug of choice against H. pylori, there are some shortcomings associated with long-term use of metronidazole. In the case of metronidazole, it has a high level of bacterial resistance and the body can become intolerant after prolonged use.
More importantly, metronidazole is a drug in its own right and can have certain side effects, such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea in the gastrointestinal tract and polyuria, dysuria and cystitis in the urinary tract. In addition, for some patients, symptoms such as loss, weakness and gastritis may also occur.
If there are so many adverse reactions to medication, why not find another way?
This is mainly related to the traditional beliefs of people. In the opinion of many people, the first thing they think of is going to the hospital, no matter what illness they have or if they feel unwell.
As a result, there are a lot of people who spend a lot of money on tests and still end up in vain.
译文：
幽门螺杆菌作为一种微需氧的革兰氏阴性杆菌，对生长条件要求十分苛刻，常“寄居”在胃黏膜，特别是胃窦部深层粘液腺内，而且不受胃酸影响。
目前，已经有越来越多的研究发现并证实了幽门螺杆菌，也就是HP，与消化性溃疡和慢性胃炎等疾病的发生和病变程度有着密切的联系。
在我国，消化性溃疡和慢性胃炎病人中，就有将近60%的人存在HP感染，将其称为胃病发生的“罪魁祸首”也不足为过。
在感染上幽门螺杆菌之后，大多数人第一时间想到的，往往都是通过常规的药物治疗的方式。作为一种抗菌素，甲硝唑不仅具有抗阿米巴和抗滴虫的作用，并且对泌尿道和呼吸道的厌氧菌感染都具有可靠的疗效。由此，甲硝唑也一度被称为幽门螺杆菌的“克星”。
虽然其也曾被认定为抗幽门螺杆菌的首选药物，但是长期使用甲硝唑，也会出现一些不足之处。就甲硝唑而言，其本身就有着较高的细菌耐药性，在经过长期使用后，机体也会出现不耐受的情况。
更重要的是，甲硝唑本就是一种药物，其在使用的过程中也会产生一定的副作用，比如常见胃肠道症状有恶心、呕吐和腹泻等，泌尿系统症状会出现多尿、排尿困难和膀胱炎等。此外，对于部分病人来说，也会出现失、乏力和胃炎等症状。
既然用药产生的不良反应如此之多，为什么不另辟蹊径呢？
这主要跟人们的传统观念相关。在很多人看来，不管是得了什么病，还是身体上有什么不舒服的地方，第一时间就会想到去医院看看。
结果，就有不少的人花了大把的检查费，结果还是徒劳无功。