28.《文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建》Civilisations and the Reconstruction

The book we are talking about today is called The Clash of Civilizations and the Reconstruction of World Order. It is the most influential work of the famous contemporary thinker Huntington. Since the publication of this book, this theory of Huntington's clash of civilisations has been cited in any dispute or conflict that occurs in the world that has to do with cultural differences.
Why is this so?
Understanding this book can be seen in contrast to Kevin Kelly's book, What Technology Wants. Civilisation, like technology, is a 'living thing'. So, the underlying logic of both books is similar, reminding us that both technology and civilisation have their own trajectory and limits of development.
But civilisation and technology are very different. In Huntington's view, technology can "unify the world", as people all over the world now use the same computers and mobile phones, drive the same cars and live in similar houses, but civilisation cannot. All civilisations only value themselves, I think I am good, you think you are good. For example, many Westerners always stress that freedom and equality are universal values, but Huntington says that it is only a product of Christian civilisation. If you think that everyone likes these things and you want to extend them to other civilisations, this is delusional and will provoke resentment and resistance from others.
The clash of civilisations is actually a very common theme in science fiction. For example, the Japanese animated film Moby Dick is about two rival ancient civilisations, one peace-loving and the other competitive. Thirty thousand years ago there was a war between the two over energy, and in order to avoid the destruction of the Earth, a compromise was reached in which the Atlanteans moved to outer space and the Mu sank into the sea to live. Later, due to the lack of energy in outer space, the Atlanteans returned to Earth, and 30,000 years later, the war broke out again.
The clash between the two civilisations in Moby Dick is essentially a struggle for the right to live. With limited resources, the conflict will not stop. The development of science has allowed the people of one of the civilisations to live a privileged life, but the greed of human nature makes them want to acquire more resources from the outside world. So how can the clash of civilisations be resolved? Scientists explore more resources externally, philosophers think about human nature inwardly, and civilisations themselves merge in conflict in order to keep moving forward.
So many good science fiction novels are about the author playing chess with his own imagination, deducing what the consequences of the clash of civilizations will be and how we can re-establish the order of the world.
译文：
今天我们要聊的这本书叫《文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建》。它是当代著名思想家亨廷顿影响最大的作品。这本书出版以后，世界上发生的任何争端和冲突，只要和文化差异有关，都会有人引用亨廷顿的这个文明冲突理论。
为什么会这样呢？
理解这本书，可以和凯文·凯利的《科技想要什么》这本书对比来看。文明和科技一样，都是一个“生命体”。所以，这两本书的底层逻辑差不多，就是提醒我们，不管是科技，还是文明，都有着自己的生长轨迹和发展极限。
但是，文明和科技又很不一样。在亨廷顿看来，科技可以“天下大同”，如今全世界人都用着同样的电脑、手机，开着同样的汽车，住着类似的房子，但是文明不行。所有的文明都只重视自己的价值，我觉得我好，你觉得你好。比如说，很多西方人总是强调，自由平等是普世价值，但亨廷顿就说，它只是基督教文明的产物。你要是认为这些东西人人都喜欢，要推广到其他文明，这就是妄想，会激起别人的反感和抵抗。
文明的冲突其实是科幻作品里很常见的主题。比如日本动画片《大白鲸》，里面讲的是两个对立的远古文明，一个热爱和平，另一个争强好胜。在三万年前双方为了能源发生战争，为了避免地球灭亡，双方达成妥协，亚特兰蒂族迁至外太空，穆族沉入大海生活。后来因为外太空能源缺乏，亚特兰蒂族又重返地球，3万年之后，战争再次爆发。
《大白鲸》里面两个文明的冲突，实质上是在争取生存权。在资源有限的前提下，冲突就不会停止。科学的发展使得其中一个文明的人过着优渥的生活，但是人性中的贪婪让他们要对外获取更多资源。那么怎么才能解决文明的冲突呢？科学家对外探索更多资源，哲学家向内思考人性，文明本身就是在冲突中融合，才能一直向前发展。
所以，很多好的科幻小说，就是作者靠自己的想象力在下棋，推演文明冲突会带来怎么样的后果，我们又该如何重建这个世界的秩序。