E162 浪漫的法国人竟曾信奉“生死看淡，不服就干”？

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PHOTOGRAPH BY BRIDGEMAN/ACI
Market vendors go about their business while two duelers fight, exhorted by their seconds, on the Pont Neuf in Paris. Detail from an anonymous 17th-century painting. Musée Carnavalet, Paris.
巴黎历史博物馆（Musée Carnavalet）所藏的一幅17世纪匿名画作的细节。市场上的小贩们忙着做生意，而两名决斗者在巴黎新桥（the Pont Neuf）上决斗，他们的助手在一旁苦心劝说。

课程撰稿人

李大猫

课程讲述人

李大猫

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En garde! Why France was the dueling capital of Europe

准备战斗！为什么法国是欧洲决斗之都

01:56①For centuries, it was common for French gentlemen to defend their honor on the dueling ground, despite a government ban on the tradition.

几个世纪以来，法国绅士都习惯于在决斗场上捍卫自己的荣誉，尽管政府明令禁止这一传统。

04:02②Affairs of honor were so ingrained in the national consciousness that they appear in some of France's most iconic stories. 

为荣誉而战的决斗已经深深刻进了法国人的民族意识，甚至在法国最具代表性的书籍中也有其身影。

06:32③Duels took many forms. 

决斗有多种形式。

06:50④Sometimes they sprang from a chance encounter without any formal preparation. 

有时，双方会在没有任何正式准备的偶遇情况下进行决斗。

07:47⑤When a man's honor had been offended, he could challenge the offender to a duel by speaking to him, slapping him, or sending him a written message.  

当一个人的名誉遭到冒犯时，他可以通过交谈、扇耳光或者书面的形式来向冒犯者发起决斗的挑战。

09:11⑥Duels often took place on the outskirts of town where the authorities would not interfere. 

决斗通常在政府不干涉的市郊进行。

09:47⑦Duelists often fought in shirtsleeves with their chests exposed to a rival's sword. 

决斗者通常穿着衬衫，把胸膛暴露在对手的剑下。

10:10⑧The most popular weapons of choice were swords, specifically rapiers. 

最受欢迎的武器是剑，尤其是长剑。

PHOTOGRAPH BY MYLOUPE/UIG/GETTY IMAGES

Place des Vosges in Paris, a square built between 1605 and 1612, and the scene of the famous duel between Bouteville and Beuvron in 1627.

巴黎孚日广场，建于1605年至1612年间。1627年，著名的布特维尔（Bouteville）与伯夫龙（Beuvron）决斗就在此进行。

PHOTOGRAPH BY BRIDGEMAN/ACI

In 1662 Louis XIV issued a series of decrees to put an end to the raging violence—la fureur—of dueling. Ceiling decoration from the Gallery of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles.
凡尔赛宫镜厅天花板上的装饰。1662年，路易十四颁布了一系列法令，禁止了凶残暴力的决斗（图中的la fureur即表示暴怒）。

PHOTOGRAPH BY BRIDGEMAN/ACI
Market vendors go about their business while two duelers fight, exhorted by their seconds, on the Pont Neuf in Paris. Detail from an anonymous 17th-century painting. Musée Carnavalet, Paris.
巴黎历史博物馆（Musée Carnavalet）所藏的一幅17世纪匿名画作的细节。市场上的小贩们忙着做生意，而两名决斗者在巴黎新桥（the Pont Neuf）上决斗，他们的助手在一旁苦心劝说。

精选语言点 

1. 词汇

1）duel /ˈdjuːəl/ n. 决斗

I challenge you to a duel.

我挑战你，来决斗吧！

2）affair /əˈfeə(r)/ n. 事物，事件

3）ingrain /ɪnˈɡreɪn/ v. 使…深深印在脑中，根深蒂固

We want to ingrain good financial habits in people. 

我们想让人们养成良好的理财习惯。

4）consciousness /ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/ n. 意识，觉悟
Does she have any consciousness of how rude other people find her? 
她意识到别人都觉得她粗鲁么？

5）iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ adj. 出名的，受欢迎的，形容的对象往往具有某种代表意义
The Phantom of the Opera is the most iconic Broadway musical. 
歌剧魅影是最受欢迎的百老汇音乐剧。

6）spring /sprɪŋ/ v. 冲刺，突然出现
过去式 sprang
"Where did you spring from? 
你从那儿冒出来的？

7）chance /tʃɑːns/ adj. 偶然的，碰巧的
8）encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ v. 相遇
chance encounter 偶然相遇

9）offend /əˈfend/ v. 冒犯，得罪
He looked offended when you called him middle-aged. 
你称他为中年人时，他看上去有些不快。
offender 冒犯者

10）outskirt /ˈaʊtskɜːt/ n. 郊区，市郊
11）interfere /ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)/ v. 干涉
12）expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v. 暴露
13）rival /ˈraɪv(ə)l/ n. 对手

2. 词组
1）En garde! 准备战斗！
= on your guard
guard 防备

2）dueling ground 决斗场

3）national consciousness 民族意识

原文链接

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/why-france-dueling-capital-europe