提高批判性思维的5个技巧 Critical Thinking

Five Tips to Improve Your Critical Thinking

 提高你的批判性思维的五个技巧

Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us. Some are small and unimportant, but others have a larger impact on our lives. For example, which politician should I vote for? Should I try the latest diet craze? Or will email make me a millionaire? We're bombarded with so many decisions that it's impossible to make a perfect choice every time. But there are many ways to improve our chances, ad one particularly effective technique is critical thinking.

每一天，我们面前都有无数的决定。有些是微不足道的，但有些对我们的生活有很大的影响。例如，我应该投票给哪位政治家？我应该试试最新流行的饮食吗？还是电子邮件会让我成为百万富翁？我们被如此多的决定轰炸，以至于不可能每次都做出完美的选择。但是有很多方法可以提高我们的机会，其中一个特别有效的方法是批判性思维。

This is a way of approaching a question that allows us to carefully deconstruct a situation, reveal its hidden issues, such as bias and manipulation, and make the best decision. If the critical part sounds negative that's because in a way it is.

 这是一种处理问题的方式，它使我们能够仔细地分析情况，揭示其隐藏的问题，如偏见和操纵，并做出最佳决定。如果关键部分听起来很消极，那是因为在某种程度上它确实是。

Rather than choosing an answer because it feels right, a person who uses critical thinking subjects all available options to scrutiny and skepticism. Using the tools at their disposal, they'll eliminate everything but the most useful and reliable information.

 一个使用批判性思维的人不是因为感觉正确而选择答案，而是把所有可用的选项都仔细审视和怀疑。使用他们所掌握的工具，他们会删除除了最有用和最可靠的信息以外的一切。

There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking, but here's one five-step process that may help you solve any number of problems.

有很多不同的方法来进行批判性思维，但是这里有五个步骤可以帮助你解决很多问题。

One: formulate your question. In other words, know what you're looking for. This isn't always as straightforward as it sounds. For example, if you're deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze, your reasons for doing so may be obscured by other factors, like claims that you'll see results in just two weeks. But if you approach the situation with a clear view of what you're actually trying to accomplish by dieting, whether that's weight loss, better nutrition, or having more energy, that'll equip you to sift through this information critically, find what you're looking for, and decide whether the new fad really suits your needs.

 第一：明确你的问题。换句话说，知道自己在寻找什么。这并不总是像听起来那么简单。例如，如果你正在决定是否尝试最新流行的疯狂节食，你这么做的原因可能会被其他因素掩盖，比如你声称你将在两周内看到效果。但如果你对这种情况有一个清晰的看法，你真正想通过节食来实现什么，无论是减肥，更好的营养，还是有更多的能量，这将使你有条件仔细筛选这些信息，找到你想要的，并决定新流行的是否真的是适合你的。

Two: gather your information. There's lots of it out there, so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what's relevant. If you're trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition, you may ask an expert for their advice, or seek other people's testimonies. Information gathering helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.

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