THE STORY OF HUJAKU Hujaku的故事

1211


--China.
--中国。
--The Chinese wall.
--中国墙。


The accounts given us of the events and transactions of Genghis Khan's reign after he acquired the supreme power over the Mongul and Tartar nations are imperfect, and, in many respects, confused.
对成吉思汗获得蒙古族和鞑靼最高权力后统治期间的事件和交易给我们的描述是不完善的，而且在许多方面是令人困惑的。
It appears, however, from them that in the year 1211, that is, about five years after his election as grand khan, he became involved in a war with the Chinese, which led, in the end, to very important consequences.
然而，从他们看来，在1211年，也就是他当选大汗大约五年后，他卷入了一场与中国人的战争，这场战争最终导致了非常重要的后果。
The kingdom of China lay to the southward of the Mongul territories, and the frontier was defended by the famous Chinese wall, which extended from east to west, over hills and valleys, from the great desert to the sea, for many hundred miles.
中国王国位于蒙古领土的南面，著名的中国长城保卫着边境，它从东到西，翻过山丘和山谷，从大漠一直延伸到大海，绵延数百英里。
The wall was defended by towers, built here and there in commanding positions along the whole extent of it, and at certain distances there were fortified towns where powerful garrisons were stationed, and reserves of troops were held ready to be marched to different points along the wall, wherever there might be occasion for their services.
城墙由城楼保卫，在整个城墙范围内到处都建有制高点，在一定距离上有坚固的城镇，那里驻扎着强大的驻军，预备役部队随时准备沿着城墙行进到不同的地方，无论哪里有服务的机会。


--The frontier.
--边疆。


The wall was not strictly the Chinese frontier, for the territory on the outside of it to a considerable distance was held by the Chinese government, and there were many large towns and some very strong fortresses in this outlying region, all of which were held and garrisoned by Chinese troops.
严格地说，长城并不是中国的边境，因为它外面相当远的地方是中国政府控制的领土，这个边远地区有很多大城镇和一些非常坚固的堡垒，都是由中国军队把持和驻扎的。


--Outside the wall.
--在墙外。


The inhabitants, however, of the countries outside the wall were generally of the Tartar or Mongul race.
然而，城墙外国家的居民一般是鞑靼人或蒙古族人。
They were of a nation or tribe called _the Kitan_, and were somewhat inclined to rebel against the Chinese rule.
他们属于一个叫基坦的民族或部落，有点反抗中国统治的倾向。
In order to assist in keeping them in subjection, one of the Chinese emperors issued a decree which ordained that the governors of those provinces should place in all the large towns, and other strongholds outside the wall, twice as many families of the Chinese as there were of the Kitan.
为了帮助臣服他们，其中一位中国皇帝颁布了一项法令，规定这些省份的省长应该在所有的大城镇和城墙外的其他据点驻扎，华人家庭的数量是基坦的两倍。
This regulation greatly increased the discontent of the Kitan, and made them more inclined to rebellion than they were before.
这一规定大大增加了基坦人的不满，使他们比以前更容易造反。


--Origin of the quarrel with the Chinese.
--与中国人争吵的由来。
--Yong-tsi.
--永慈。


Besides this, there had been for some time a growing difficulty between the Chinese government and Genghis Khan.
此外，中国政府和成吉思汗之间的困难已经持续了一段时间。
It seems that the Monguls had been for a long time accustomed to pay some sort of tribute to the Emperor of China, and many years before, while Genghis Khan, under the name of Temujin, was living at Karakorom, a subject of Vang Khan, the emperor sent a certain royal prince, named Yong-tsi, to receive what was due.
蒙古人似乎早就习惯于向中国皇帝进贡了，许多年前，当成吉思汗以铁木真的名义住在王罕的臣民喀喇昆仑时，皇帝派了一位名叫永慈的王储来接受应得的东西。
While Yong-tsi was in the Mongul territory he and Temujin met, but they did not agree together at all.
当永济在蒙古尔境内时，他和铁木真相遇了，但他们根本没有达成一致。
The Chinese prince put some slight upon Temujin, which Temujin resented.
中国王子对铁木真不屑一顾，铁木真对此深恶痛绝。
Very likely Temujin, whose character at that time, as well as afterward, was marked with a great deal of pride and spirit, opposed the payment of the tribute.
铁木真很可能在当时和后来的性格中都被打上了极大的骄傲和精神的烙印，他反对支付贡品。
At any rate, Yong-tsi became very much incensed against him, and, on his return, made serious charges against him to the emperor, and urged that he should be seized and put to death.
无论如何，永慈对他非常愤怒，他回来后向皇帝提出了严重的指控，并要求将他抓获并处死。
But the emperor declined engaging in so dangerous an undertaking.
但皇帝拒绝从事如此危险的事业。
Yong-tsi's proposal, however, became known to Temujin, and he secretly resolved that he would one day have his revenge.
然而，永慈的提议被铁木真知道了，他暗中下决心，总有一天他会报仇的。




At length, about three or four years after Temujin was raised to the throne, the emperor of the Chinese died, and Yong-tsi succeeded him.
最后，在铁木真登基大约三四年后，中国的皇帝去世了，永慈继承了他的王位。
The very next year he sent an officer to Genghis Khan to demand the usual tribute.
就在第二年，他派了一名军官去成吉思汗那里索要通常的贡品。
When the officer came into the presence of Genghis Khan in his camp, and made his demand, Genghis Khan asked him who was the emperor that had sent him with such a message.
当军官来到营地里的成吉思汗面前提出要求时，成吉思汗问他，送他这样一个口信的皇帝是谁。




The officer replied that Yong-tsi was at that time emperor of the Chinese.
这位官员回答说，永慈当时是中国的皇帝。


--Genghis Khan's contempt for him.
--成吉思汗对他的蔑视。


"Yong-tsi!"
“永慈！”
repeated Genghis Khan, in a tone of great contempt.
成吉思汗用一种极其轻蔑的口吻重复道。
"The Chinese have a proverb," he added, "that such a people as they ought to have a god for their emperor; but it seems they do not know how to choose even a decent man."
“中国人有一句谚语，”他补充说，“像他们这样的民族，他们的皇帝应该有一个神；但他们似乎连一个正派的人都不知道如何选择一个正派的人。”


It was true that they had such a proverb.
他们确实有这样一句谚语。
They were as remarkable, it seems, in those days as they are now for their national self-importance and vanity.
看起来，他们在那个时代和现在一样引人注目，因为他们的国家自尊心和虚荣心。


"Go and tell your emperor," added Genghis Khan, "that I am a sovereign ruler, and that I will never acknowledge him as my master."
“去告诉你的皇帝，”成吉思汗补充道，“我是一个君主，我永远不会承认他是我的主人。”


--Armies raised.
--举起军队。
--Hujaku.
--胡加库。




When the messenger returned with this defiant answer, Yong-tsi was very much enraged, and immediately began to prepare for war.
当使者带着这个挑衅的回答回来时，永慈非常愤怒，立即开始备战。
Genghis Khan also at once commenced his preparations.
成吉思汗也立即开始了准备工作。
He sent envoys to the leading khans who occupied the territories outside the wall inviting them to join him.
他派使节去见占领城墙外领土的主要可汗人，邀请他们加入他的行列。
He raised a great army, and put the several divisions of it under the charge of his ablest generals.
他召集了一支庞大的军队，并把它的几个师置于他最能干的将军们的指挥之下。
Yong-tsi raised a great army too.
永慈也组建了一支强大的军队。
The historians say that it amounted to three hundred thousand men.
历史学家说它总共有三十万人。
He put this army under the command of a great general named Hujaku, and ordered him to advance with it to the northward, so as to intercept the army of Genghis Khan on its way, and to defend the wall and the fortresses on the outside of it from his attacks.
他把这支军队置于一位名叫胡家库的大将的指挥之下，并命令他与这支军队一起向北推进，以便拦截成吉思汗的军队，保卫城墙和城外的堡垒不受他的攻击。


--Many of the khans come over on Genghis's side.
--许多可汗人都站在成吉思汗这边。


In the campaign which ensued Genghis Khan was most successful.
在随之而来的战役中，成吉思汗取得了最大的成功。
The Monguls took possession of a great many towns and fortresses beyond the wall, and every victory that they gained made the tribes and nations that inhabited those provinces more and more disposed to join them.
蒙古人占领了城墙以外的许多城镇和堡垒，他们取得的每一次胜利都使居住在这些省份的部落和民族越来越愿意加入他们。
Many of them revolted against the Chinese authority, and turned to their side.
他们中的许多人反抗中国当局，转而站在他们一边。
One of these was a chieftain so powerful that he commanded an army of one hundred thousand men.
其中有一个酋长很有权势，他率领着十万人的军队。
In order to bind himself solemnly to the covenant which he was to make with Genghis Khan, he ascended a mountain in company with the envoy and with others who were to witness the proceedings, and there performed the ceremony customary on such occasions.
为了庄严地遵守与成吉思汗的约定，他在使节和其他见证者的陪同下登上了一座山，并在那里举行了这种场合下的惯例仪式。
The ceremony consisted of sacrificing a white horse and a black ox, and then breaking an arrow, at the same time pronouncing an oath by which he bound himself under the most solemn sanctions to be faithful to Genghis Khan.
仪式包括牺牲一匹白马和一头黑牛，然后折断一支箭，同时宣誓效忠成吉思汗，受到最严厉的制裁。


To reward the prince for this act of adhesion to his cause, Genghis Khan made him king over all that portion of the country, and caused him to be every where so proclaimed.
为了奖励这位王子坚持他的事业的行为，成吉思汗任命他为全国的国王，并让他去任何这样宣布的地方。
This encouraged a great many other khans and chieftains to come over to his side; and at length one who had the command of one of the gates of the great wall, and of the fortress which defended it, joined him.
这鼓励了许多其他的可汗和酋长来到他的身边，最后有一个掌管着长城的一个城门和守卫长城的堡垒的人加入了他的行列。
By this means Genghis Khan obtained access to the interior of the Chinese dominions, and Yong-tsi and his great general Hujaku became seriously alarmed.
通过这种方式，成吉思汗得以进入中国领土的内部，永慈和他的大将胡家库变得非常震惊。


--Victory over Hujaku.
--战胜呼加库。


At length, after various marchings and counter-marchings, Genghis Khan learned that Hujaku was encamped with the whole of his army in a very strong position at the foot of a mountain, and he determined to proceed thither and attack him.
终于，经过几次行军和反行军，成吉思汗得知呼家库带着全军在山脚下非常坚固的位置扎营，他决心向那里进发，向他发起进攻。
He did so; and the result of the battle was that Hujaku was beaten and was forced to retreat.
他这样做了，战斗的结果是胡加库被打了，被迫撤退。
He retired to a great fortified town, and Genghis Khan followed him and laid siege to the town.
他隐退到一个设防大镇，成吉思汗跟着他围城。
Hujaku, finding himself in imminent danger, fled; and Genghis Khan was on the point of taking the town, when he was suddenly stopped in his career by being one day wounded severely by an arrow which was shot at him from the wall.
呼家库危在旦夕，逃之夭夭；成吉思汗正要攻城掠地，突然有一天，他的职业生涯突然中断，被从墙上射来的箭射得很重。


--Genghis Khan is wounded.
--成吉思汗负伤。


The wound was so severe that, while suffering under it, Genghis Khan found that he could not successfully direct the operations of his army, and so he withdrew his troops and retired into his own country, to wait there until his wound should be healed.
伤势严重，成吉思汗在痛苦中发现自己不能很好地指挥部队作战，于是他撤回部队，撤退到自己的国家，在那里等待，直到伤口痊愈。
In a few months he was entirely recovered, and the next year he fitted out a new expedition, and advanced again into China.
几个月后，他完全康复了，第二年，他安排了一支新的探险队，再次进入中国。


--Hujaku disgraced.
--胡加库蒙羞。


In the mean time, Hujaku, who had been repeatedly defeated and driven back the year before by Genghis Khan, had fallen into disgrace.
与此同时，前一年被成吉思汗多次击败并击退的呼加库也声名狼藉。
His rivals and enemies among the other generals of the army, and among the officers of the court, conspired against him, and represented to the emperor that he was unfit to command, and that his having failed to defend the towns and the country that had been committed to him was owing to his cowardice and incapacity.
他在军队其他将领和宫廷军官中的对手和敌人，密谋反对他，并向皇帝陈述，他不适合指挥，他未能保卫曾经托付给他的城镇和国家，这是由于他的懦弱和无能。
In consequence of these representations Hujaku was cashiered, that is, dismissed from his command in disgrace.
由于这些陈述，胡加库被开除，也就是说，他被耻辱地解除了指挥权。


--Restored again.
--又恢复了。


This made him very angry, and he determined that he would have his revenge.
这使他非常生气，他下定决心要报复。
There was a large party in his favor at court, as well as a party against him; and after a long and bitter contention, the former once more prevailed, and induced the emperor to restore Hujaku to his command again.
朝廷中既有支持他的大党，也有反对他的党；经过漫长而激烈的争论，前者再次获胜，并诱使皇帝重新将呼加库收归他的指挥之下。


--Dissensions among the Chinese.
--中国人之间的纷争。


The quarrel, however, was not ended, and so, when Genghis Khan came the next year to renew the invasion, the councils of the Chinese were so distracted, and their operations so paralyzed by this feud, that he gained very easy victories over them.
然而，这场争吵并没有结束，因此，当成吉思汗第二年来重新发动入侵时，华人委员会分心了，他们的行动因这场争执而瘫痪，他轻而易举地就战胜了他们。
The Chinese generals, instead of acting together in a harmonious manner against the common enemy, were intent only on the quarrel which they were waging against each other.
中国的将领们不是和睦相处地对付共同的敌人，而是一心想着他们彼此之间的争吵。


At length the animosity proceeded to such an extreme that Hujaku resolved to depose the emperor, who seemed inclined rather to take part against him, assassinate all the chiefs of the opposite party, and then finally to put the emperor to death, and cause himself to be proclaimed in his stead.
最后，敌意达到了极致，胡加库决定罢免天皇，天皇似乎更倾向于参与反对他的行动，暗杀对方所有的首领，然后最终处死天皇，并让自己被宣布接替他的职位。


--Advance of the Monguls.
--蒙古进军。


In order to prepare the way for the execution of this scheme, he forbore to act vigorously against Genghis Khan and the Monguls, but allowed them to advance farther and farther into the country.
为了给这一阴谋的实施铺平道路，他没有对成吉思汗和蒙古人采取强硬行动，而是允许他们越走越远。
This, of course, increased the general discontent and excitement, and prepared the way for the revolt which Hujaku was plotting.
当然，这增加了普遍的不满和兴奋，并为胡家库正在策划的叛乱铺平了道路。


--Hujaku's rebellion.
--胡加库叛乱。
--Death of Yong-tsi.
--永慈之死。


At length the time for action arrived.
行动的时间终于到了。
Hujaku suddenly appeared at the head of a large force at the gates of the capital, and gave the alarm that the Monguls were coming.
呼家库突然出现在首都门口的一支大部队的前面，并发出了蒙古人来了的警报。
He pressed forward into the city to the palace, and gave the alarm there.
他冲进城中的宫殿，在那里报了警。
At the same time, files of soldiers, whom he had ordered to this service, went to all parts of the city, arresting and putting to death all the leaders of the party opposed to him, under pretense that he had discovered a plot or conspiracy in which they were engaged to betray the city to the enemy.
与此同时，他命令执行这项任务的一排排士兵走遍了城市的各个角落，逮捕并处死了所有反对他的党的领导人，借口是他发现了一个阴谋或阴谋，他们参与了将这座城市出卖给敌人的阴谋。
The excitement and confusion which was produced by this charge, and by the alarm occasioned by the supposed coming of the Monguls, so paralyzed the authorities of the town that nobody resisted Hujaku, or attempted to save the persons whom he arrested.
这一指控引起的兴奋和混乱，以及假想中的蒙古人的到来引起的恐慌，使镇上的当局陷入瘫痪，以至于没有人反抗呼加库，也没有人试图拯救他逮捕的人。
Some of them he caused to be killed on the spot.
其中一些人是他造成当场死亡的。
Others he shut up in prison.
其他人他把他们关进了监狱。
Finding himself thus undisputed master of the city, he next took possession of the palace, seized the emperor, deposed him from his office, and shut him up in a dungeon.
他发现自己是这座城市无可争议的主人，于是占领了宫殿，抓住了皇帝，罢免了他的职务，把他关进了地牢。
Soon afterward he put him to death.
不久之后，他就把他处死了。




This was the end of Yong-tsi; but Hujaku did not succeed, after all, in his design of causing himself to be proclaimed emperor in his stead.
这就是永慈的终结，但胡加库毕竟没有成功，他想让自己被宣布为皇帝的计划终究没有成功。
He found that there would be very great opposition to this, and so he gave up this part of his plan, and finally raised a certain prince of the royal family to the throne, while he retained his office of commander-in-chief of the forces.
他发现这会引起很大的反对，于是他放弃了这一部分的计划，最终将某位皇室王子抬上了王位，同时保留了他的军队总司令职位。
Having thus, as he thought, effectually destroyed the influence and power of his enemies at the capital, he put himself once more at the head of his troops, and went forth to meet Genghis Khan.
他认为，这样就有效地消灭了敌人在首都的势力和势力，于是他又把自己放在了部队的首位，出去迎战成吉思汗。


--Hujaku advances.
--呼加库进军。


Some accident happened to him about this time by which his foot was hurt, so that he was, in some degree, disabled, but still he went on.
大约在这个时候，他发生了一些意外，他的脚受伤了，所以他在某种程度上是残疾的，但他还是继续往前走。
At length he met the vanguard of Genghis Khan's army at a place where they were attempting to cross a river by a bridge.
最后，他在成吉思汗部队的先锋队试图通过一座桥过河的地方遇到了他们。
Hujaku determined immediately to attack them.
胡加库决心立即进攻他们。
The state of his foot was such that he could not walk nor even mount a horse, but he caused himself to be put upon a sort of car, and was by this means carried into the battle.
他的脚是这样的状态，他不能走路，甚至不能上马，但他把自己放到了一种汽车上，就这样被抬上了战场。


--The battle.
--战斗。
--Hujaku's victory.
--胡加库的胜利。


The Monguls were completely defeated and driven back.
蒙古人被彻底击败，并被击退。
Perhaps this was because Genghis Khan was not there to command them.
也许这是因为成吉思汗没有在那里指挥他们。
He was at some distance in the rear with the main body of the army.
他和主力部队在后方有一段距离。


Hujaku was very desirous of following up his victory by pursuing and attacking the Mongul vanguard the next day.
胡家库非常渴望在胜利之后的第二天追击蒙古先锋。
He could not, however, do this personally, for, on account of the excitement and exposure which he had endured in the battle, and the rough movements and joltings which, notwithstanding all his care, he had to bear in being conveyed to and fro about the field, his foot grew much worse.
然而，他不能亲自做这件事，因为他在战斗中忍受了兴奋和暴露，尽管他小心翼翼地被运送到田野上来回，但他的脚却变得更糟了，因为他不得不忍受粗暴的移动和颠簸，尽管他小心翼翼地被运送到田野里来走来走去，但他的脚却变得更糟了。
Inflammation set in during the night, and the next day the wound opened afresh; so he was obliged to give up the idea of going out himself against the enemy, and to send one of his generals instead.
夜里发炎了，第二天伤口又裂开了，所以他不得不打消出征敌人的念头，转而派了他的一名将军。
The general to whom he gave the command was named Kan-ki.
他下达命令的将军名叫菅直基(Kan-ki)。


--Kan-ki's expedition.
--菅直人的远征。
--Hujaku enraged.
--胡加库勃然大怒。
--Failure.-
--失败。--失败。


Kan-ki went out against the enemy, but, after a time, returned unsuccessful.
菅直人出去迎敌，但过了一段时间，没有成功地回来。
Hujaku was very angry with him when he came to hear his report.
当他来听他的报告时，胡加库对他非常生气。
Perhaps the wound in his foot made him impatient and unreasonable.
也许他脚上的伤口让他变得不耐烦了，变得不可理喻了。
At any rate, he declared that the cause of Kan-ki's failure was his dilatoriness in pursuing the enemy, which was cowardice or treachery, and, in either case, he deserved to suffer death for it.
无论如何，他宣称菅直人失败的原因是他在追击敌人上的迟缓，即懦弱或背信弃义，无论是哪种情况，他都应该为此受死。
He immediately sent to the emperor a report of the case, asking that the sentence of death which he had pronounced against Kan-ki might be confirmed, and that he might be authorized to put it into execution.
他立即将此案报告给天皇，要求确认他对菅直人的死刑判决，并授权他执行死刑。




But the emperor, knowing that Kan-ki was a courageous and faithful officer, would not consent.
但天皇知道菅直人是一个勇敢而忠诚的军官，不会同意。




In the mean while, before the emperor's answer came back, the wrath of Hujaku had had time to cool a little.
与此同时，在皇帝的回答回来之前，胡家库的愤怒已经有时间平息下来。
Accordingly, when he received the answer, he said to Kan-ki that he would, after all, try him once more.
因此，当他收到答复时，他对菅直人说，毕竟他会再试一次。




"Take the command of the troops again," said he, "and go out against the enemy. If you beat them, I will overlook your first offense and spare your life; but if you are beaten yourself a second time, you shall die."
“再来指挥部队，”他说，“出去向敌人进攻。如果你打败他们，我就不理会你的初犯，饶了你一命；但如果你再被打一次，你就会死。”


--Kan-ki's second trial.
--菅直人的第二次审判。
--The sand-storm.
--沙尘暴。


So Kan-ki placed himself at the head of his detachment, and went out again to attack the Monguls.
于是，菅直人把自己摆在支队的首位，再次出动进攻蒙古人。
They were to the northward, and were posted, it seems, upon or near a sandy plain.
他们向北进发，似乎驻扎在一片沙质平原上或附近。
At any rate, a strong north wind began to blow at the time when the attack commenced, and blew the sand and dust into the eyes of his soldiers so that they could not see, while their enemies the Monguls, having their backs to the wind, were very little incommoded.
无论如何，进攻开始的时候，北风刮得很大，把沙尘吹到士兵的眼睛里，使他们看不见，而他们的敌人蒙古人背对着风，几乎没有受到什么影响。
The result was that Kan-ki was repulsed with considerable loss, and was obliged to make the best of his way back to Hujaku's quarters to save the remainder of his men.
结果，菅直人损失惨重地被击退，不得不尽力回到胡家库的住处去救他剩下的部下。


--Kan-ki's desperate resolution.
--菅直人孤注一掷的决心。


He was now desperate.
他现在走投无路了。
Hujaku had declared that if he came back without having gained a victory he should die, and he had no doubt that the man was violent and reckless enough to keep his word.
胡加库曾宣称，如果他没有取得胜利就回来，他就会死，他毫不怀疑这个人是足够暴力和鲁莽的，足以信守诺言。
He determined not to submit.
他决定不屈服。
He might as well die fighting, he thought, at the head of his troops, as to be ignobly put to death by Hujaku's executioner.
他想，与其被胡加库的刽子手不光彩地处死，他还不如率领部队战斗而死。
So he arranged it with his troops, who probably hated Hujaku as much as he did, that, on returning to the town, they should march in under arms, take possession of the place, surround the palace, and seize the general and make him prisoner, or kill him if he should attempt any resistance.
因此，他和他的部队安排好了，他们可能和他一样讨厌胡加库，一回到镇上，他们就应该武装起来，占领这个地方，包围宫殿，抓住将军，把他囚禁起来，如果他试图抵抗，就杀了他。