PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE 3.2.4

DG (Doing-Going) 留言：若你在攻心理学专业，希望以下分享的语料能在以下方面为你助力！

1.考研英语复试
2.英文论文写作

**************************************

3 THE BIOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY BASES OF BEHAVIOR
3-2 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ACTION (part 4)

autonomic processes
自主过程
hallucinogenic drug LSD
致幻药LSD
vivid and bizarre sensory experiences
生动而奇异的感官体验
neuromodulators
神经调质
drugs like opium and morphine
鸦片和吗啡等药物
key to paradise
去往天堂的钥匙
pleasure-pain controlling properties
控制愉悦-痛苦的特性
the pain-reducing effects of acupuncture and placebos
针灸和安慰剂的止痛作用
naloxone
纳洛酮


TERMIOLOGY:

dendrite. 树突 One of the branched fibers of neurons that receive incoming signals.

soma. 胞体 The cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and cytoplasm.

axon. 轴突The extended fiber of a neuron through which nerve impulses travel from the soma to the terminal buttons.

terminal button. 轴突末端 A bulblike structure at the branched ending of an axon that contains vesicles filled with neurotransmitters.

sensory neuron. 感觉神经元 Neuron that carries messages from sense receptors toward the central nervous system.

motor neuron. 运动神经元 Neuron that carries messages away from the central nervous system toward the muscles and glands.

interneuron. 中间神经元 Brain neuron that relays messages from sensory neurons to other interneurons or to motor neurons.

mirror neuron. 镜像神经元 Neuron that responds when an individual observes

another individual performing a motor action.

glia. 细胞质 The cells that hold neurons together and facilitate neural transmission, remove damaged and dead neurons, and prevent poisonous substances in the blood from reaching the brain.

myelin sheath. 髓鞘 Insulating material that surrounds axons and increases the speed of transmission


excitatory input. 兴奋性输入 Information entering a neuron that signals it to fire.

inhibitory input. 抑制性输入 Information entering a neuron that signals it not to fire.

action potential. 动作电位 The nerve impulse activated in a neuron that travels down the axon and causes neurotransmitters to be released into a synapse.

resting potential. 静息电位 The polarization of cellular fluid within a neuron, which provides the capability to produce an action potential.

ion channel. 离子通道 A portion of neurons’ cell membranes that selectively

permits certain ions to flow in and out.

all-or-none law. 全或无法则 The rule that the size of the action potential is unaffected by increases in the intensity of stimulation beyond the threshold level.

refractory period. 不应期 The period of rest during which a new nerve impulse cannot be activated in a segment of an axon.

synapse. 突触 The gap between one neuron and another.

synaptic transmission. 突触传导 The relaying information from one neuron to another across the synaptic gap.

neurotransmitter. 神经递质Chemical messenger released from a neuron that crosses the synapse from one neuron to another, stimulating the postsynaptic neuron.

neuromodulator. 神经调质 Any substance that modifies or modulates the activities of the postsynaptic neuron.

(语料以在书中出现先后为序;单复数/动名词等按原文呈现，以方便助听，用时自行变通即可)
**************************************
(-ω-)朗读一般，望包涵；语料有益，望收下。更多心理学考研干货，请见公众号 Doing-Going。