Dec 23 双语精选：英语国家最大姓出炉，知道是哪个吗？

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Sugar causes depression
研究称吃甜食加重抑郁

If you've been feeling especially blue, a new study suggests getting those visions of sugar plums out of your head. Researchers at the University of Kansas say that the added sugars found in virtually all holiday sweets can induce inflammatory and neurobiological processes that are connected to depression and negative feelings. 

一项新研究认为，如果你觉得特别难过，那就别再想着糖果了。堪萨斯大学的研究人员称，几乎所有人们在节假日里吃掉的糖果中都含有不健康的添加糖，这些糖会引发炎症，还会诱发与抑郁和消极情绪相关的神经生物学过程。

Seasonal-depression and winter-depression symptoms will push individuals to eat more sweets. This will, in turn, only create a vicious cycle of feeling down and eating sweets to feel better, only to end up feeling even worse. 

季节性抑郁症和冬季抑郁症的症状都会使人去吃更多的甜食，而这么做只会造成一个恶性循环：心情低落，吃甜食感觉好些，最终却令人心情更糟。

Researchers said the inflammation caused by excess sugar is the number one contributor to depressive thoughts. They recommend non-processed foods, particularly those rich in plant-based and Omega-3 fatty acids, in order to combat depression on a dietary level. 

研究人员表示，过多糖分引发的炎症是导致抑郁心绪的首要因素。他们建议人们吃未加工的食品，尤其是那些富含植物脂肪酸以及欧米伽-3脂肪酸的食物，从而从饮食上对抗抑郁症。

重点词汇

1、depression

英 /dɪˈpreʃn/  美 /dɪˈpreʃn/ 

n. 沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区

2、symptom

英 /ˈsɪmptəm/  美 /ˈsɪmptəm/

n. [临床] 症状；征兆

3、inflammation

英 /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/  美 /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/ 

n. [病理] 炎症；[医] 发炎；燃烧；发火

Smith most common last name

英语国家最大姓:史密斯

"Smith" is still the most commonly used surname in every English-speaking country around the globe, a study has found. Lending firm NetCredit has researched the world's most common family names by country by charting its usage in a series of maps. 

一项研究发现，"史密斯"仍然是全球所有英语国家最常用的姓氏。信贷公司NetCredit研究了各国最常见的姓氏，并将其使用情况绘制在多张地图上。

The maps show that Smith is still the most frequently used surname in the US, the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The name "Smith" originates as an Anglo-Saxon term for a metal worker or blacksmith. 

这些地图显示，史密斯仍然是美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰最常用的姓氏。"史密斯"起源于盎格鲁-撒克逊人对金属工人或铁匠的称呼。

Some reports put the very first use of surnames as early as 2852 BC in China. In China, one in every 13 people have "Wang" as their second name. In South Korea, one in five are named "Kim", and in Vietnam, 25% of people are named "Nguyen". The most prevalent surname in South America is "Gonzalez" which derives itself from a Spanish name, originating in the German word for "battle".

有报道称，中国是最早使用姓氏的国家，大约在公元前2852年开始使用。在中国，每13个人中就有一个人姓"王"。在韩国，1/5的人姓"金"，而在越南，25%的人姓"阮"。南美洲最常见的姓氏是"冈萨雷斯"，源于西班牙姓氏，这个词起源于德语中表示"战斗"的单词。

重点词汇

1、originate

英 /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/  美 /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ 

vt. 引起；创作

vi. 发源；发生；起航

2、derive

英 /dɪˈraɪv/  美 /dɪˈraɪv/ 

vt. 源于；得自；获得； 衍生 （后常跟 from）

vi. 起源

First 3D-printed neighborhood

首个3D打印社区将问世

A giant 3D printer built two houses in an impoverished, rural part of Mexico last week, breaking ground on what will be the first 3D-printed neighborhood in the world. The poor families live in a seismic zone that's prone to flooding in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Building something that will withstand an earthquake and keep them dry during heavy rains was a key consideration when it came to the design. 

上周，一台巨型3D打印机在墨西哥一处贫困的农村地区建造了两栋房屋，接下来世界上第一个3D打印社区将在这里破土动工。一些贫穷的家庭居住在墨西哥塔巴斯科州容易发生洪水的地震带中。因此建造既经得起地震，又能在大雨中保持干燥的房屋是设计时关键的考虑因素。

A nonprofit called New Story paired up with a construction technology company that developed Vulcan II, the 3D-printing robotics being used on the project. The 33-foot printer pipes out a concrete mix that hardens when it dries, building the walls one layer at a time. 

非营利组织"新故事"和一家建筑技术公司展开合作，后者开发了用于该项目的名为"Vulcan II"的3D打印机器人。这款3D打印机长33英尺(约合10米)，可以用管道做出混凝土混合物，混合物在干燥后会变硬，每次可建造一层墙壁。

It takes several days to build two houses at the same time. The concrete mix is sturdier than traditional concrete. The foundation is reinforced to withstand seismic activity. 

该打印机可以在几天内同时建起两栋房屋。这种混凝土混合物要比传统的混凝土更加结实，地基经加固后可以承受住地震活动。

Developers hope to build 50 new houses by the end of 2020, replacing structures residents built themselves out of wood, metal and whatever materials they could afford. 

开发商希望在2020年底前3D打印出50栋新房，以取代居民们用木头、金属和其它任何他们买得起的材料自主建造的房屋。

重点词汇

1、impoverished

英 /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt/  美 /ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt/

adj. 穷困的；用尽了的，无创造性的

v. 使贫困（impoverish的过去分词）

2、seismic

英 /ˈsaɪzmɪk/  美 /ˈsaɪzmɪk/

adj. 地震的；因地震而引起的

3、consideration

英 /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/  美 /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/ 

n. 考虑；原因；关心；报酬

4、robotic

美 /roʊˈbɑːtɪk/ 

adj. 机器人的，像机器人的；自动的

n. 机器人学

5、sturdy （比较级sturdier）

英 /ˈstɜːdi/  美 /ˈstɜːrdi/

adj. 坚定的；强健的；健全的

n. 羊晕倒病

6、reinforced

英 /riːɪn'fɔːst/  美 /,riɪn'fɔrst/ 

adj. 加固的；增强的

v. 加强；巩固；（使）更结实；增援，（使）更强大；增进，加深（reinforce 的过去式及过去分词）

Air quality worst on cruise

邮轮是空气污染重灾区

The level of pollution on some cruise ship is worse than in the world's most polluted cities like Delhi, an investigation on Britain's biggest crew operator P&O Cruises has found. 

一项针对英国最大的邮轮运营公司P&O游轮的调查发现，某些邮轮上空气污染的程度比德里等世界上污染最严重的城市还要严重。

The investigation found one cruise ship can emit as much particulate matter as 1m cars in a day. The air on the deck downwind of the ship's funnels had 84,000 particulates per cu cm, according to data from particle counter. Directly next to the funnels on the deck, the numbers rocketed to 144,000 with a peak at 226,000. Passengers are likely to be breathing some of these particulates, which are harmful for health and the environment. 

调查发现，一艘游轮一天排放的微粒物相当于100万辆汽车的排放量。来自微粒计数器的数据显示，在甲板上烟囱背风处的位置，微粒物含量为每立方厘米8.4万个。在甲板上紧挨着烟囱的位置，微粒物含量飙升至每立方厘米14.4万个，峰值达每立方厘米22.6万个。乘客很可能吸入部分这些有害健康和环境的微粒物。

"Short term exposure can cause increasing respiratory symptoms. People who are asthmatic for example, that might give them a wheeze. Similarly for people with cardiovascular disease," an expert said.

有专家称，短时间暴露在污染空气中会导致呼吸道症状加剧。例如患哮喘的人，就会变得气喘吁吁。患心血管疾病的人也会出现类似症状。

重点词汇

1、cruise ship

游轮，游艇

2、downwind

英 /ˌdaʊnˈwɪnd/  美 /ˌdaʊnˈwɪnd/ 

adv. 顺风；在下风

adj. 顺风的

3、particle

英 /ˈpɑːtɪkl/  美 /ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ 

n. 颗粒；[物] 质点；极小量；小品词

4、funnel

英 /ˈfʌnl/  美 /ˈfʌnl/ 

n. 漏斗；漏斗状物；烟囱

v. （使）流经狭窄空间；通过漏斗将……导入；（使）通过漏斗般输送；形成漏斗状；（使）汇集，传送

5、respiratory

英 /rəˈspɪrətri; ˈrespərətri/  美 /ˈrespərətɔːri/ 

adj. 呼吸的

6、asthmatic

英 /æsˈmætɪk/  美 /æzˈmætɪk/ 

adj. 气喘的；似患气喘的

n. 气喘患者

7、wheeze

英 /wiːz/    美 /wiːz/ 

v. 喘息；喘息地说出；气喘吁吁地走动；（器械）气喘似的响

n. 喘息声；（非正式）巧妙主意；（不再好笑的）过时笑话

8、cardiovascular

英 /ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ(r)/  美 /ˌkɑːrdioʊˈvæskjələr/ 

adj. [解剖] 心血管的

Some words you should know from today's news

No.1   depression

Seasonal-depression and winter-depression symptoms will push individuals to eat more sweets. 

No.2   originates

The name "Smith" originates as an Anglo-Saxon term for a metal worker or blacksmith. 

No.3  derives

The most prevalent surname in South America is "Gonzalez" which derives itself from a Spanish name, originating in the German word for "battle".

No.4  seismic

The poor families live in a seismic zone that's prone to flooding in the state of Tabasco, Mexico.

No.5   reinforced

The foundation is reinforced to withstand seismic activity. 

No.6   respiratory

Short term exposure can cause increasing respiratory symptoms.

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总策划：韩鹤

主播：Anne Marie Ruisi

剪辑：韩鹤

编辑：马芮

文稿来源：中国日报网英语点津