句子分类-陈述句和疑问句

句子分类

句子是人们进行交际时所用的最基本语言单位。在英语中句子可以被分为4类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1.陈述句

陈述句又可以分为两类：肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。

1)肯定陈述句

Hemingway is a famous American writer.

There is a clock in the classroom.

Teddy and Susie are good friends.

I can take care of myself

She has a little sister.

Miss Liu teaches us English.

2)否定陈述句

Hemingway isn't a famous American writer.

There isn't a clock in the classroom.

Teddy and Susie aren't good friends.

I can't take care of myself

She doesn't have a little sister.

Miss Liu doesn't teach us English.

2.疑问句

    疑问句可以被分为4类，分别是一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句（反义疑问句）。

1)一般疑问句

Is Hemingway a famous American writer？

Is there a clock in the classroom？

Are Teddy and Susie good friends?

Can you take care of yourself?

Does she have a little sister?

Does Miss Liu teach us English?

陈述句改一般疑问句的方法。

a.含有be动词，通常把be动词调到句首。例如:

They are in the swimming pool.

Are they in the swimming pool?

b.含有情态动词，把情态动词调到句首。例如:

He can drive a car.

Can he drive a car?

c.含有实义动词，就需要加助动词do, does,（三单）、 did（过去式）来构成疑问句。例如:

Amy speaks English.

Does Amy speak English?

2)特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句通常以who, whose, what, which, when, why, how等疑问词开头，这次疑问词通常是以wh开头的，因此我们把特殊疑问句又叫wh-问句。

Who is singing in the room﹖

Whose bike is broken﹖

What does she like?

Which season do you like best?

When did they leave?

Why do you arrive so late?

How did you go there? By bus or by train?

How many students are there in your class?

How much water is there in the bottle?

How much is this pair of glasses?

How often do you visit your grandparents?

How long does it take from SZ to your hometown?

How far is it from SZ to your hometown?

3)选择疑问句

Which do you like better,tea or coffee?

Shall I give you a hand,or you can manage?

Would you rather wait or come later?

4)附加疑问句

That clock is slow,isn't it?

The clock isn't slow,is it?

Carry this parcel for me,will you?

Remember to buy some meat,won't you.

【附加疑问句注意要点】

a.当陈述句的主语是someone, everybody等复合词时，附加问句的主语在正式场合用he，在非正式场合用they，例如:

Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn't he?

Nobody wants to go there, does he?

Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they?

Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?

b.当陈述句的主语是everything, something等复合词时, 则附加问句的主语只能用it。例如:

Everything is ready,isn't it?

Nothing could make me give it up,could it?

c.当陈述句带有hardly, rarely, little等否定词时，附加问句部分用肯定形式，例如：

He seldom pays attention to his pronunciation, does he?

Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?

d.陈述句中是I am时，简短问句则用aren't I。例如:

I am late, aren't I ?

e.宾语从句的的反意疑问句，如果主句是I think, I believe, I suspect等时，则附加问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。例如：

I suppose (that) he is serious, isn't he?

I don't suppose (that) he is serious, is he?

f.以Let's开头的祈使句之后，附加问句部分用shall we; 以Let us开头的祈使句之后，附加问句部分用will you，例如:

Let's go shopping, shall we?

Let's stop here, shall we?

Let us go now, will you?

Let us have a look at your book, will you?

g.当陈述句部分的have不表示“所有”，而表示其他含义时，附加问句部分用do的形式。例如:

You often have headaches, don’t you?

she had a good time yesterday, didn't she?

h.当陈述句是祈使句时，附加问句部分一般用will you, won't you, would you，例如：

Don't move the chair, will you?

Be quiet, would you?

i.当陈述句带有must时，根据上下文灵活而定，例如：

You must study hard next term, mustn't you？

He must be very tired, isn't he?

You mustn't walk on the grass, must you?

He must have waited here for a long time, hasn't he?

You must go home right now, needn't you?

You must have seen the play last week, didn't you?