句子成分和基本句型

句子成分和基本句型

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1.句子成分

    在英语中共有9种句子成分,分别是主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语和独立主格。独立主格又叫做独立成分,与同位语一样,会在后面的从句部分进行详细的讲解。

1)主语:是句子陈述的对象。

The temperature will stay above zero.

Who's knocking at the door?

It's good to swim in summer.(It是形式主语)

2)谓语:由动词构成,说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。

She loves him deeply in her heart.

made your birthday cake last night.

I'll go and move away the bag of rice

3)宾语:是谓语动作所涉及的对象,是动作的承受者,一般放在谓语动词后面。

I saw a cat in the tree.

I want a bottle of water.

He gave me an interesting storybook.

注:本句有2个宾语,me是间接宾语,an interesting storybook是直接宾语。这个句子还可以改写为:

He gave an interesting storybook to me.

4)定语:用于描述名词、代词、短语或从句的性质、特征等情况的词叫做定语。如:

Our country is a developing country.

I have a lot of things to do.

The boy there needs a pen. 

注:本句中there修饰the boy放在了后面,这种情况叫做定语后置。

5)状语:说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,方式,条件或伴随等。

He is playing under the tree.(地点状语)

I come specially to see you.(目的状语)

He began to live in Dalian at the age of 7.(时间状语)

6)补语:作用于主语和宾语,具有定语性描写或限制性功能,起补充说明作用。

At the meeting we elected him monitor.

We hear him singing in the hall.

Father will not allow us to play on the street.

7)表语:说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态;表语一般放在系动词之后。

We are happy.

His pencil-case is yellow.

The dictionary is in the bag.

2.基本句型

基本句型是句子能够千变万化分结构雏形。在英语中一共有5种基本句型,分别是主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾+宾语补足语和主谓+双宾语。(若把there be句型也算组基本句型,则共有6种。 )

1)主谓结构:主语+谓语

Everybody laughed.

Something happened.

The guests have arrived.

2)主谓宾结构:主语+谓语+宾语

I need a rest.

Four people are moving the piano.

Nobody could answer the question.

3)主系表/主谓补:主语+系动词+表语/主语+谓语+

The baby is cute.

The problem was big.

These flowers smell fragrant.

4)主谓宾+宾补:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

We elected him president.

They painted the walls creamy white.

The directors appointed him sales manager.

5)主谓+双宾语:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

Andy lent me his car.

He handed me a pen.

She bought me a book.

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