2册-075************************

1.election   n.选举

In an election , people vote to choose a person or group of people to hold an official position.  

比如：presidential election   

congressional elections 

词根：lect = choose , gather

词源：

elect: e=out + lect=choose

elite n.精英 注：lit和lect同源，都表示选

select: se=分离+lect选择；select表示：精选，〔经过认真思考后〕挑选

collect: col=一起+ lect选择-->选择后放在一起-->所以，collect表示“收集”

2.defeat   v.打败 n.失败

To defeat means to win a victory over someone in a war, competition, or game.

场景造句：

1）Hillary Clinton was defeated by Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election.

She suffered a defeat in the election.【defeat n.失败】

2）France defeated Brazil 3-0 in the 1998 World Cup final.

注意：In spoken English, people often say beat rather than defeat when talking about sport, games or elections.

比如：France beat Brazil 3-0 in the 1998 World Cup final.

3）defeat也可以指_____。【听记1】

Hemingway《The old man and the sea》

古巴老渔夫Santiago的故事，和枪鱼（Marlin）搏斗两天后，虽然筋疲力尽，但Santiago战胜了它。

“Man is not made for defeat. A Man Can Be Destroyed but Not Defeated” 

Santiago is in the end physically destroyed, but mentally he is not defeated.

3.fanatic  n. 狂热分子

1）A fanatic issomeone who has extreme political or religious ideas and is often dangerous.

比如：a religious fanatic [= extremist] 

2）A fanatic can also refer to a person who is extremely enthusiastic about something.类似于：enthusiast，但比enthusiast更加狂热，而且常常有些喜爱得____【听记2】

狂热的球迷：football fanatics            

健身狂人：a fitness fanatic

阅读一段新闻：

After the financial crisis, shoppers became coupon fanatics and lovers of buy-one-get-one-free deals.

fanatic adj狂热的=fanatical  

用法：be fanatic/fanatical about ....

造句：Michael is fanatical about the music of Mozart.  

He is a fanatical fan of Mozart.   

The lady is fanatical about tidiness.

4.opponent   n.反对者，对手

反对者An opponent is a person who is against something.

The politician is an opponent of gun control.

proponent : A proponent is a person who supports something.   

词根：“pos”,“pon”= put,place

记忆词根：

opponent : op-相对+ -pon-放置+ -ent名词后缀

oppose v.反对= op + pose

proponent：pro向前+ pon放置+ ent名词后缀

propose v.建议，提议= pro+pose

1）  对手 

An opponent is someone who opposes you.

An opponent often refers to someone you try to defeat in a competition, game, fight, or argument.

场景造句：

Kevin’s opponent in the final is Peter from the US.

主要的对手：leading/chief opponent

His leading opponent in this election is former Vice president Biden.

《The Art of War》

The best victory is when the opponent surrenders of its own accord before there are any actual hostilities（战争状态）. It is best to win without fighting.

区别：rival也有“对手”之意，和opponent有啥区别？

简单来说：

rival讲到对手更带有一些__________（有点类似中文里：死对头，老冤家），强调双方或多方争夺同一个东西，而且，这种竞争关系，可以是长期存在的。可以指某个个人，公司，组织的对手.【听记3】

opponent是对于“对手”更客观的说法，不带有情感色彩，只是客观陈述对方是和自己处于相反的位置（Opponent is less personal and emotional than rival, meaning just one who opposes）。此外，opponent更具体，往往是特定某个比赛，竞选中的“对手”。

比如：Coke and Pepsi are arch rivals.

但在一场足球赛中，两只队伍互相比拼，他们就是opponents.

当然，如果你要强调说两只球队长期以来都是竞争对手，可以说：

The two teams have always been rivals.

5.radical   adj.彻底的，激进的

1）Radical原义是“彻底的，根本的”

词根词缀：“radic”= root  

A radical change is very big and important.

We need radical changes in education.

The president is calling for radical reforms of the health system.

There are some radical differences between Chinese and Western Culture.

听：为啥中国人喜欢红色，而西方人不喜欢？

2）激进的：（radical）

radical ideas/ views

radical politicians。

Radical politicians believe in radical social change.

注意；本课中的radical progressive party 就是一个主张激进改革的政党。

相反的是：

conservative views

The Conservative party.

听：英文里的left-wing, right-wing指什么？

suspicious  adj.怀疑的，可疑的

来自于动词：suspect v.

注意：词根spect, spic = look

前缀：sus =由下往上（up to）

6.suspicious  adj.表示“感到怀疑”

场景造句：

After reading an email informing me that I had won a million dollars, I was/ felt suspicious.

用法：be suspicious of sth/sb怀疑某事/某人

I was suspicious of the motive behind the email.

It must have been a scam（骗局）.

可疑的，蹊跷的

场景造句：  

A suspicious-looking man entered the shopping mall with a large parcel.

The man’s behor was very suspicious.

Soon the police found the suspicious parcel, which contained a time bomb.

口语中：fishy adj.可疑的

比如：

Something smells fishy about this case.

There seems to be something fishy going on here.

There’s something very fishy about the way the thief broke into the house.

听记答案  

1. 在意志上打败一个人

2. 不理智

3. 情感色彩