彩虹屁拯救不高兴

每天读点《经济学人》，今天要分享的是社论板块的一篇新文章，“彩虹屁拯救不高兴”。

我给翻译的这个名字，可能太过于俏皮了。它主要说的是普通人，也可以参与心理治疗。文章主要是标准的五段式，为什么--怎么办--效果怎么样--部分反对--反驳反对，主要讲了心理医生不够，费用高昂---一些国家提出方案，让普通人通过短期培训也能参加心理治疗---效果很好---专家认为这个项目不专业---心理疏导给人带来安慰，有总比没有好。

看看题目，Unprofessional help，Most mental-health problems are untreated. Trained laypeople can help一种类似互文的修辞手法，形成意思上的双关

一起来看看文章是如何展开的，注意其中跟心理学有关的术语和表达。

为什么的部分：有六分之一的人遭受心理问题，大部分是初中度的抑郁或者焦虑，由于得不到疏导，很多开始发展为慢性、或更加严重：IN ANY GIVEN year one person in six is afflicted by a mental illness. Most cases involve mild-to-moderate depression or anxiety. Some sufferers recover on their own. For many, however, the condition is left untreated and may become chronic or severe.

世界卫生组织已经认可了一些非专业人士参与治疗。

In particular, the psychiatric profession’s over-tight grip should be challenged. Talk therapy, 谈心疗法 which the World Health Organisation recommends as a first line of treatment for mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety, can be delegated to non-specialists—a concept known as “task-shifting”

认知是指一个人对一件事或某对象的认知和看法，对自己的看法，对人的想法，对环境的认积和对事的见解等。

认知行为治疗认为：人的情绪来自人对所遭遇的事情的信念、评价、解释或哲学观点，而非来自事情本身。正如认知疗法的主要代表人物贝克(A·T·Beck)所说：“适应不良的行为与情绪，都源于适应不良的认知”。

例如，一个人一直“认为”自己表现得不够好，连自己的父母也不喜欢他，因此，做什么事都没有信心，很自卑，心情也很不好。治疗的策略，便在于帮助他重新构建认知结构，重新评价自己，重建对自己的信心，更改认为自己“不好”的认知。

认知行为治疗认为治疗的目标不仅仅是针对行为、情绪这些外在表现，而且分析病人的思维活动和应付现实的策略，找出错误的认知加以纠正。

Graduates of the scheme typically provide cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). This involves teaching people to spot the real-world situations that set off their negative thoughts, fears and anxieties, such as awkward social gatherings or meeting the boss. It then offers concrete steps for dealing with them, such as going on a walk with a friend or reminding yourself that you got a bonus so the boss probably doesn’t think you are useless. Half of those who complete two or more therapy sessions for depression or anxiety recover (though some would have anyway). Zimbabwe has been training elderly women to provide something like CBT on“friendship benches”set up in courtyards.

一部分专家反对，其实是为了保护他们的领地TURF，现实是，给人心理疏导和安慰，特别时帮助到那些没有钱支付昂贵的心理咨询费用的人群，意义重大。

Critics complain that standardised sessions can never fit the unique circumstances of each person’s distress. But the alternative is usually no care at all, or advice from charity helplines.

...........The same kind of approach can work for mental health. Indeed, with so many more sufferers than can plausibly see a specialist, cheap talk with trained laypeople is the only practical way to bring relief—and turn millions of lives around.