2册-067************************

1.volcano  

1) about volcano   

Volcano这个词怎么来的呢？

Vulcan /'vʌlkən/

The word volcano comes from the name Vulcan , a Roman god of fire and blacksmiths.  【blacksmith n.打铁匠】

Vulcan lived under Vulcan Island , near Mount Etna.

Every time Vulcan pounded his hammer, a volcano erupted.

2) words about volcanoes

Why do volcanoes actually erupt ?

According to scientists, Volcanoes erupt when molten rock called magma rises to the surface because of pressure.

关于火山的一些词汇：

火山里的岩浆：magma

喷出的熔岩：lava

火山灰：ash

火山口：crater = the mouth of a volcano

火山有三种：

active volcano : (An active volcano is one that may erupt at any time)

extinct volcano  (An extinct volcano is one that is no longer active at all)

【extinct原意指灭绝：Dinosaurs have been extinct for tens of millions of years.】

dormant volcano: (An dormant volcano is one that is not active at the moment. But it could erupt in the future.)

【“dorm”=“to sleep”比如：dormitory表示宿舍】

2.erupt 

火山爆发：

为啥erupt表示爆发？

词源：erupt

词根rupt = break

erupt:  e=out + rupt=break -->“break out”

When a volcano erupts, it throws out a lot of lava, as well as ash and steam.

interrupt v.中断：inter=middle + rupt=break

corrupt adj.腐败：cor=together + rupt = break

* corrupt officials

引申：break out, start suddenly and violently

When Messi scored his second goal the crowd erupted.

Violence erupted after the soccer game.

SARS erupted in China in 2003.

3. violently  

adv.猛烈地，充满暴力地

形容词：violent adj.猛烈的，充满暴力的，

来自：violence暴力

1）violent核心含义： ____【听记1】

暴力犯罪  violent crime

The movie is too violent to be shown to kids.

Tang Seng cuts his ties with Wukong and sends him away , because he believes that Wukong is violent and dangerous 

2）引申义：表达程度：“____”【听记2】

①　形容自然力：

a violent storm

a violent earthquake

the violent eruption of a volcano

The violent eruption of Mount Vesuvius destroyed Pompeii in 79 AD.

②　形容情绪

The man has a violent temper.

The man had a violent quarrel with his brother.

③　形容痛苦

I had a violent toothache/headache  

4. brilliant 

1）核心意思：brilliant = very bright, sparkling

brilliant > bright  

brilliant sunshine

The sun shines brilliantly.

Debbie Turner的《Whispered Thunder》

“What a beautiful day for a drive! The sun shines brilliantly in a crystal blue sky. Everywhere I look, the earth is bursting with new life of spring.”

2）引申：聪明，才华横溢的，杰出，非常棒的

extremely clever or skilful, excellent

It is a brilliant idea .

It was a brilliant performance

Einstein is considered to be the most brilliant scientist of the 20th century.

5.escape  

v.逃跑

为啥escape表示逃跑?

es=ex = out of ，“cape”表示披肩斗篷。

1）escape“get out of one's cape”

2）核心意思：逃走，逃离

escape from a place = get away from a place

《The Shawshank Redemption》

Andy managed to escape from prison after he had served 20 years in jail.       

He escaped through the tunnel he dug with his rock hammer over the last 19 years.  

引申义：避开，逃避：get away from sth, avoid sth

We have decided to go to the hills to escape the summer heat.

He narrowly escaped death in an car accident.

或：He narrowly escaped being killed in an car accident.

You will never escape punishment if you break the law.

We can't escape the fact that the world is increasingly interconnected.  

escape还可以是一个名词：

Reading novels can be an escape.

For many people, travel serves as a temporary escape from the routine drudgery of life.

For some internet addicts , playing internet games is an escape from reality.

为啥逃避现实的人叫作Ostrich？ 

He's like an ostrich, burying his head in the sand.   

You can't just bury your head in the sand. Because the problem won't go away.

6.alive  

adj.活着的

反义词：dead

We don't know know if he is alive or dead.

同义词：alive = living

He's one of the greatest musicians alive.

He's one of the greatest living musicians.

引申义：

When Mary heard the good news, her face was alive with excitement.

Kevin :Hey dude, how are you doing ?

Sean : I am stillalive and kicking.

When you say that someone or something is alive and kicking, you are emphasizing not only that they continue to survive, but also that they are very active.

Playing mahjong is still very muchalive and kickinginmany parts of China. 

听记答案 

1.暴力的

2.猛烈，剧烈