2月21日午间英语新闻：日本研发出世界首颗木制卫星 使用后不会造成太空污染

Japan to launch world’s first wooden satellite to combat space pollution
日本研发出世界首颗木制卫星 使用后不会造成太空污染

Japanese scientists have created one of the world’s most unusual spacecraft – a tiny satellite that is made of timber.
日本科学家制造出了全世界最独特的航天器——用木材做成的微型卫星。

The LignoSat probe has been built of magnolia wood, which, in experiments carried out on the International Space Station (ISS), was found to be particularly stable and resistant to cracking. Now plans are being finalized for it to be launched on a US rocket this summer.
这枚名为LignoSat的航天探测器是用木兰木制成的，在国际空间站上开展的实验中发现，木制卫星特别稳定，也不容易开裂。现在计划今年夏天将这颗木制卫星放在美国火箭上发射出去，目前该计划还未最终敲定。
 
The timber satellite has been built by researchers at Kyoto University and the logging company Sumitomo Forestry in order to test the idea of using biodegradable materials such as wood to see if they can act as environmentally friendly alternatives to the metals from which all satellites are currently constructed.
这颗木制卫星是由京都大学的研究人员和伐木企业住友林业公司联手制造的，目的是测试木头这种可生物降解材料是否能够作为替代当下用来制造所有卫星的金属材料的环保选择。
 
"All the satellites which re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere burn and create tiny alumina particles, which will float in the upper atmosphere for many years,” Takao Doi, a Japanese astronaut and aerospace engineer with Kyoto University, warned recently. “Eventually, it will affect the environment of the Earth.”
日本宇航员、京都大学航天工程师土井隆雄表示：“所有重新进入地球大气层的卫星都会燃烧并产生氧化铝微粒，这些微粒会在高层大气中飘浮许多年，最终会对地球环境造成影响。”
 
To tackle the problem, Kyoto researchers set up a project to evaluate types of wood to determine how well they could withstand the rigors of space launch and lengthy flights in orbit round the Earth. The first tests were carried out in laboratories that recreated conditions in space, and wood samples were found to have suffered no measurable changes in mass or signs of decomposition or damage.
为了解决这一问题，京都大学的研究人员设立了一个项目来评估各种类型的木材是否能很好地承受太空发射以及绕地飞行漫长旅途的强度。第一批测试是在还原太空条件的实验室中进行的，研究人员发现木材样本的质量没有明显改变，也没有呈现出分解或毁坏的迹象。
  
Document prioritizes higher rural incomes
中央一号文件将助力农民增收

China will continue to prioritize increasing the income of rural residents and preventing them from slipping into poverty this year, as their livelihood is closely tied to the nation's social and economic development, said senior officials.
高级官员称，中国将继续强化农民增收举措，确保不发生规模性返贫，因为农民生计问题与国家的社会经济发展密切相关。
 
The nation unveiled its annual No 1 Central Document on Saturday, focusing on rural vitalization and food security. The document is the first policy statement released each year by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, China's Cabinet.
2月3日，国家发布了聚焦乡村振兴和粮食安全的“中央一号文件”。该文件是中共中央、国务院每年发布的第一份文件。
 
The document requires governments at all levels to release effective policies supporting rural household businesses, such as poultry farming and manual workshops, and promoting well-organized labor export campaigns to create more job opportunities for the group.
中央一号文件要求各级政府出台有效政策，支持农户发展家禽饲养、手工作坊等家庭经营项目，促进有组织的劳务输出，为该群体创造更多工作机会。
 
The document also mandates a long-term mechanism to prevent wage arrears from piling up, and calls for regular skills training campaigns for migrant workers.
文件还要求完善根治欠薪长效机制，呼吁定期开展农民工职业技能培训。
  
Figures from the National Bureau of Statistics show that the per capita disposable income of rural residents reached 21,691 yuan ($3,015) in 2023.
国家统计局的数据显示，2023年农村居民人均可支配收入达到21691元。
  
The document also emphasizes preventing rural residents from slipping back into poverty.
该文件还强调，要防止农民返贫。