E74 为政：为人君者，当容清议

E74 为政：为人君者，当容清议
2023.11.01
夏鹏
难度：CSE7
课程导读

上节课我们讲到，苏东坡在正月承蒙皇帝召见之时，其《议学校贡举状》曾受神宗称赞。尽管当时所有高官大臣都已离职，一切情形都呈现出不利的局面，但苏东坡还是义无反顾地提出了自己的想法。对于苏东坡的这一做法，林语堂先生又是如何看待的呢？一起进入今天的课程。

英文原文

But how was the ruler to obtain the support of the people unless he permitted the free expression of opinion?

Su Tungpo went on to develop what I consider the most important point in the memorandum.

This was the principle of disagreement in politics, as embodied in the system of the imperial censorate.

For, according to Su Tungpo, the maintenance of a good regime depended very much upon the healthy operation of political opposition.

Democracy itself is predicated upon the principle of disagreement among parties.

In modern times I am sure Su would have opposed the principle of unanimity in the United Nations Security Council as being essentially antidemocratic.

He knew that at least since Chinese Adam no two persons have ever completely agreed, and that the only alternative to democracy is tyranny.

I have never yet found an enemy of democracy who is not a tyrant in the home, in the country, or in world politics. Su Tungpo went on:

「拓展」

① I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. (伏尔泰名言，但是否是“伏尔泰所说”，存有争议)

② 老师讲解中提到：林语堂先生曾发明打字机，原视频可搜索：【何同学——我们做了一台中文打字机】

生词好句

1.permit
英 [pəˈmɪt]美 [pəˈmɪt]
v. 同意（allow）

2.memorandum
英 [ˌmeməˈrændəm]美 [ˌmeməˈrændəm]
n. （本文）奏疏
拓展:
memorial n. 纪念碑，纪念品
memo n. 备忘录

3.embody
英 [ɪmˈbɒdi]美 [ɪmˈbɒdi]
v. 体现于

4.maintenance
英 [ˈmeɪntənəns]美 [ˈmeɪntənəns]
n. 保持
拓展:
The car needs maintenance.
车需要保养。
maintenance people/team 运营维护团队
He is a man of high maintenance.
他是一个吹毛求疵的人。

5.opposition
英 [ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn]美 [ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn]
n. 对立
拓展:
opposition 在野党，反对党
government party 执政党

6.predicate
英 [ˈpredɪkət]美 [ˈpredɪkət]
v. （本文）决定（decide）；n. 谓词

7.unanimity
英 [ˌjuːnəˈnɪməti]美 [ˌjuːnəˈnɪməti]
n. 一致意见（agreement）
拓展:
unanimous adj. 全体的，一致的

8.the United Nations Security Council
联合国安理会

9.Chinese Adam
盘古

10.tyranny
英 [ˈtɪrəni]美 [ˈtɪrəni]
n. 暴政