E56 亲佞远贤，众叛亲离

E56 亲佞远贤，众叛亲离
2023.09.20
夏鹏
难度：CSE7
课程导读

上节课我们讲到，王安石的悲剧是在于困于自己的雄心而不能自拔，最终成为自己梦想的牺牲者。在本节课中，我们继续深入了解王安石为人做官背后的故事，他的哪些行为导致了自己的悲剧处境？一起进入今天的课程。

英文原文

Despising all the "conservative philistines," he not only alienated the good old ministers but even lost Han Wei and Lu Kungchu who were his best friends.

Han Wei, we remember, was the friend who had turned Shentsung's heart and hopes toward Wang Anshih when the former was crown prince.

When these friends disagreed with him on the manner in which he carried out his projects, he had no hesitation in banishing them from the court.

Deserted and alone, he took in and promoted unknown and unqualified men who were smart enough to agree with him and use him for their own purposes.

To make it easier to distinguish the three notorious characters, I have given them a more familiar spelling: Leeding, Sudan, and Dunquan.

Leeding was a man who concealed the news of his mother's death to avoid going out of office, a daring offense in Confucian society.

Dunquan is remembered by posterity as the author of the famous saying, "Let them all laugh who want to laugh; a good official post is mine."

「拓展」

Let them all laugh who want to laugh; a good official post is mine.

笑骂由他笑骂，好官我自为之。

But the arch supporters of Wang Anshih were two extremely active and persuasive talkers of great scheming ability, Tseng Pu and Lu Huiching, particularly the latter, who eventually double-crossed Wang Anshih in an effort to supersede him.

The collapse of this eight-year regime was summarized by a contemporary as follows: "Huiching sold out Wang Anshih, Wang Anshih sold out the Emperor, and the Emperor sold out the people."

When Huiching stooped to publishing Wang's private letters to alienate him from the Emperor, Wang was overthrown, and in his old age he used to spend his fury over the turncoat friend by scribbling the word "Fukienite" a few times every day, Fukien being the province from which Huiching came.

When Su Tungpo met Wang Anshih in Nanking after the regime was over, and rebuked him for starting wars and persecuting scholars, Wang replied that Huiching was responsible for all the doings.

This is hardly a plausible defense, since it was Wang himself who insisted on dealing harshly with all opposition, and since the institution of espionage at the capital against critics of the government was established during the period when Huiching was in retirement in mourning for his father, between April 1071 and July 1073.

生词好句

1.despise
英 [dɪˈspaɪz]美 [dɪˈspaɪz]
v. 鄙视（look down upon）

2.philistine
英 [ˈfɪlɪstaɪn]美 [ˈfɪlɪstiːn]
n. 流弊之徒（lowbrow）

3.good
英 [ɡʊd]美 [ɡʊd]
adj. 善良的，正直的
拓展:
good old man 善良的人
good old day 美好的日子
good Samaritan 活雷锋

4.Lu Kungchu
吕公著

5.on the manner
在……时候

6.banish … from
将……逐出

7.deserted
英 [dɪˈzɜːtɪd]美 [dɪˈzɜrːtɪd]
adj. 被遗弃的
拓展:
desert v. 遗弃（abandon）

8.distinguish
英 [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]美 [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]
v. 分辨

9.notorious
英 [nəʊˈtɔːriəs nəˈtɔːriəs]美 [noʊˈtɔːriəs]
adj. 臭名昭著的

10.Leeding
李定

11.Sudan
舒亶

12.Dunquan
邓绾

13.conceal
英 [kənˈsiːl]美 [kənˈsiːl]
v. 隐藏

14.daring
英 [ˈdeərɪŋ]美 [ˈderɪŋ]
adj. 胆大的

15.offense
英 [əˈfens]美 [əˈfens]
n. 冒犯

16.posterity
英 [pɒsˈterəti]美 [pɑːˈsterəti]
n. 后世（offspring, future generation）

17.arch
英 [ɑːtʃ]美 [ɑːrtʃ]
adj. 主要的（chief）
拓展:
archangel 重要的支持者

18.persuasive
英 [pəˈsweɪsɪv]美 [pərˈsweɪsɪv]
adj. 说服力强的

19.scheming ability
谋算能力

20.double-cross
英 [ˌdʌbəlˈkrɒs]美 [ˌdʌbəlˈkrɑːs]
v. 背刺

21.supersede
英 [ˌsuːpəˈsiːd]美 [ˌsuːpərˈsiːd]
v. 超越；取而代之

22.collapse
英 [kəˈlæps]美 [kəˈlæps]
n. 倒台

23.summarize
英 [ˈsʌmraɪz]美 [ˈsʌməraɪz]
v. 总结
拓展:
summarize as 总结为......

24.contemporary
英 [kənˈtempərəri]美 [kənˈtempəreri]
adj. 当代的

25.stoop
英 [stuːp]美 [stuːp]
v. 躬身做……
拓展:
stoop to do something 无底线去做......

26.overthrown
英 [ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ]美 [ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ]
n. 推翻

27.fury
英 [ˈfjʊəri]美 [ˈfjʊri]
n. 怒火

28.turncoat
英 [ˈtɜːŋkəʊt]美 [ˈtɜrːnkoʊt]
n. 叛徒
拓展:
turncoat friend 两面三刀的朋友

29.scribble
英 [ˈskrɪbl]美 [ˈskrɪbl]
v. 乱写

30.Fukienite
福建子

31.rebuke
英 [rɪˈbjuːk]美 [rɪˈbjuːk]
v. 批评

32.persecute
英 [ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt]美 [ˈpɜrːsɪkjuːt]
v. 迫害

33.plausible
英 [ˈplɔːzəbl]美 [ˈplɑːzəbl]
adj. 可信的（possible）

34.defense
英 [dɪˈfens]美 [dɪˈfens]
n. 辩词

35.harshly
英 [ˈhɑːʃli]美 [ˈhɑːrʃli]
adv. 严厉地

36.institution
英 [ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃn]美 [ˌɪnstəˈtuːʃn]
n. 机构

37.espionage
英 [ˈespiənɑːʒ]美 [ˈespiənɑːʒ]
n. 谍报，暗中迫害

38.retirement
英 [rɪˈtaɪəmənt]美 [rɪˈtaɪrmənt]
n. 退休

39.mourn
英 [mɔːn]美 [mɔːrn]
v. 缅怀