2册-014************************

1.After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.

复习：

第七课：

过去完成时的核心思维：过去的过去

现在完成时，是在现在这个时间点，回望过去已经发生的事。

过去完成时，就是在过去的时间点，回望更遥远的过去已经发生的事。

强化：过去完成时是回望“过去的过去”，一定要先有一个过去的时间或动作。

这句话中“过去动作”是drove on继续开车，

“过去的过去”就是 “had left a small village”。

场景演练：

你在听一个外国朋友Steve回忆往事：

在我上大学之前，我已经学会电脑编程。

Before I went to college, I had learned coding skills.

（过去=went to college ,过去的过去=had learned）

到毕业的时候，我已经创建了5个网站，帮助人们学中文。

When I graduated from college, I had built five websites for learning Chinese.（过去=graduated ,过去的过去=had built）

到了2016年的年底，我们已经有100万用户了。

By the end of 2016, we had had 1million users.（过去= the end of 2016， 过去的过去=had had...拥有用户 ）

在2017年的冬季，我们已经帮助了超过500万用户学习中文。

In the winter of 2017, we had helped more than 5 million users learn Mandarin.（过去=the winter of 2017， 过去的过去=had helped...帮助 ）

（特别注意：过去完成时可以跟过去时间连用）

总结：过去完成时=“过去的过去”

1) 使用场合1：

描述先后发生的两个过去的动作

2) 使用场合2：

描述过去时间点之前完成的事 （可以和过去时间连用）

2. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.

1) as soon as 表示“一...就”

= immediately after

时态上，如果强调先后，可以用过去完成时，但不是必须。

因为as soon as连接的两个动作相隔比较近，有时几乎是同时发生。

造句：

昨晚一直在复习考试。

I was cramming for the exam last night.

我太累了，头刚碰到枕头，我就睡着了。

I was so exhausted. As soon as my head touched the pillow, I just fell asleep.

2) 上/下车的表达：（听记1）

口语hop in the car / hop out of the car

hop in / hop out上车/下车

到终点站了，请大家下车。

Every one could hop out, it's the terminus（终点站）.

到国外旅行，有种巴士叫Hop On Hop Off Bus。就是旅游大巴，可以买个套票，然后就可以在任何站点上车或下车。

You can purchase the ticket and hop on any of the buses.The buses usually travel past many tourist attractions.

And if you are willing to explore a place, you may just hop off the bus. Of course, if you have seen enough you can hop on another bus and continue the tour.

3. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey.

1) apart from 两个用法：

except for 除了…外，都没有...

Apart from America, I have never been to any foreign countries.

除了美国，其它海外国家我都没去过。

in addition to; as well as

除了…外（还）；此外；加之

Apart from America, I have been to many countries.

除了美国，还去过很多国家。

造句：

除了游泳，他什么运动都不喜欢。（听记2）

除了游泳，他还喜欢打网球。

Apart from swimming, he also likes playing tennis.

= In addition to swimming, he also likes playing tennis.

2)两者都不 neither of us

两者都 both of us

场景演练：你和朋友Peter去餐厅吃饭。

Waiter : What would you like to have for dinner ?

You : Both of us will have Chinese noodles.

Waiter : Sorry sir, we have sold out noodles.

Have you tried our fried chicken before ?

You: Nope(口语=No). But neither of us likes fried chicken.

但是我们都不喜欢吃炸鸡。

We both prefer healthy food.

我们都喜欢健康的食品。

听记答案

1. get into the car / get out of the car

2. Apart from swimming,he doesn’t like any sport.

= Except for swimming,he doesn’t like any sport.