BBC Newsround｜海岸侵蚀如何影响英国海岸线

How is coastal erosion affecting UK coastlines?| Newsround
海岸侵蚀如何影响英国海岸线

Hi Newsround!
嗨新闻中心！
My name's Eleanor.
我叫埃莉诺。
My name's Archie.
我叫阿奇。
My name's Isaac.
我叫艾萨克。
And we live in the village of Albrath,
我们住在阿尔布拉斯村。
It's a very beautiful place to live,
这是一个非常美丽的居住地。
But due to coastal erosion, some parts of the village has been disappearing.
但由于海岸侵蚀，村庄的一些部分已经消失。
Come see!
来看看！
What did it used to look like around here?
这里以前是什么样子？
The roads that did go round here, people were still driving on that about 10 to 15 years ago.
大约 10 到 15 年前，人们还在这条道路上行驶。
There used to be two hotels and a cafe and the caravan park that is still here, but they've lost a lot of their caravans because as the cliff comes back they have to move.
曾经有两家酒店、一家咖啡馆和大篷车公园仍然在这里，但他们失去了很多大篷车，因为当悬崖回来时，他们必须搬家。
And the people who had the hotels and the houses, they've had to move back as well.
那些拥有旅馆和房屋的人也不得不搬回来。
How long will it take for this area to be gone?
这个区域需要多长时间才会消失？
If it carries on going at sort of 2, 3, 4 meters a year, these houses that are behind us here and in front of me, they will have to come down in maybe the next 10 or 15 years.
如果它继续以每年 2、3、4 米的速度增长，我们身后和我面前的这些房子，也许在未来 10 或 15 年内它们将不得不倒塌。
Hiya!
嗨!
Hiya!
嗨!
You ready to see some dliffs?
你准备好去看悬崖了吗?
Yeah!
是的！
Let's go!
我们走吧!
How does erosion particularly affect this coastline?
侵蚀对这条海岸线有何特别影响?
One is the type of rocks and soil that we've got in the cliffs that are very soft, but also that it's very low-lying, so that the sea is able to make a big cut every time it starts attacking the cliffs.
一种是悬崖上的岩石和土壤非常柔软，而且地势非常低，因此海水每次开始攻击悬崖时都能造成很大的切割。
Is this a new problem?
这是一个新问题吗？
It's not a new problem at all.
这根本不是一个新问题。
This has been happening since the end of the last ice age, over 10,000 years ago.
自一万多年前的最后一个冰河时代结束以来，这种情况就一直在发性。
This is some sea defences here.
这是这里的一些海上防御设施。
What do they do?
他们在做什么？
What they do is they stop the energy of the waves.
它们所做的就是阻止波浪的能量。
They break up the waves before they hit the cliffs so they don't attack the cliff as hard.
它们在撞击悬崖之前打破了海浪，这样它们就不会那么猛烈地攻击悬崖。
Unfortunately, what that means though, away from the sea defenses, the cliffs are eroded a bit more quickly because the sea focuses its energy into there.
不幸的是，这意味着，远离海防，悬崖被侵蚀得更快一些，因为海洋将能量集中到那里。
We can see here it's made up of a whole load of rocks.
我们可以在这里看到它是由一大堆岩石组成的。
They've been brought in from places like Norway.
它们是从挪威等地引进的。
But as you move to other parts of the coast, you might see some big walls that have been built and they're doing the same job.
但当你搬到海岸的其他地方时，你可能会看到一些已经建成的大墙，它们正在做同样的工作。
They're just protecting that bit of coast.
他们只是在保护那片海岸。
How does climate change affect erosion?
气候变化如何影响侵蚀？
Climate change is really affecting how the sea is behaving and how much rain we're getting.
气候变化确实影响着海洋的表现以及我们的降雨量。
When we look at the different cliffs and the types of soils in them, we can start to understand what happens when you put more water in there.
当我们观察不同的悬崖和其中的土壤类型时，我们可以开始了解当你往那里放更多的水时会发生什么。
And unfortunately for most of our cliffs, it means they start to collapse, they start to erode away a lot more quickly.
不幸的是，对于我们大多数的悬崖来说，这意味着它们开始崩塌，它们开始更快地被侵蚀。
How do you decide what areas to protect?
您如何决定要保护哪些区域？
So it's a really big town with lots of shops and people living in them and because there's so many people living there we can provide them with coastal defences but it's really expensive.
所以这是一个非常大的城镇，有很多商店和人们居住在那里，因为那里有很多人居住，我们可以为他们提供海岸防御，但它非常昂贵。
Unfortunately in areas where there's not so many people it's really important that erosion continues because the sand and the mud that comes from our cliffs
不幸的是，在人口不多的地区，侵蚀的持续存在非常重要，因为来自悬崖的沙子和泥土。
It goes right south all the way to Lincolnshire and down to Norfolk and right the way across to Germany and Denmark in some cases.
它一直向南延伸到林肯郡，然后一直延伸到诺福克，在某些情况下还
可以直接穿过德国和丹麦。
And that helps provide places for animals to live.
这有助于为动物提供栖息地。
It provides defences for Lincolnshire so people in Lincolnshire don't lose their homes.
它为林肯郡提供防御，使林肯郡的人们不会失去家园。
So it's really important that some areas are allowed to erode and that we help people in those areas.
因此，允许某些地区受到侵蚀并帮助这些地区的人们非常重要。