Chapter 3 家庭争执 讲义

Chapter 3 Family Quarrels

The next day Mrs Tulliver took Maggie, Tom and Lucyto visit the Pullets. Mr Pullet was a wealthy gentlemanfarmer and his farm was very neat and well-kept.The children always enjoyed visiting the farm because there were lots ofinteresting animals for them to play with. The large house was extremely cleanand tidy too. In fact, Aunt Pullet was terrified of dirt and most of the floorsand furniture had permanentcovers over them tokeep them clean. The children were soon sent outside to play.

wealthy /ˈwelθi/ adj. 富裕的，富有的

neat /niːt/ adj. 整齐的，整洁的

They sat in her neat andtidy kitchen. 他们坐在她那干净整齐的厨房里。

well-kept /ˌwel ˈkept/ adj. (建筑、街道或花园)保持整洁的

She has a small well-kept apartment. 她有一个整洁的小公寓。

permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 长久的，永久的

“Make sure you stay on the paths,” cried AuntPullet. “Don’t go into the fields and get dirty!” When the children had gone,the conversation turned to yesterday’s quarrel withAunt Glegg.

quarrel /ˈkwɒrəl/ n. 争吵，吵架

I had a terrible quarrel with my other brothers. 我和其他几个兄弟大吵了一架。

“I’m so worried that Jane is offended,” confessedMrs Tulliver. “Can’t you speak to her about it, Sister, and ask her to make up with myhusband?”

make up with 与……和好

make up for sth 对……进行弥补

make up 组成，补足，化妆，编造

She is coming to make up with you. 她是来与你和好的。

“Your husband always was obstinate,Bessy,” said Aunt Pullet.

obstinate /ˈɒbstɪnət/ adj. 倔强的，顽固的

“And when he dies, I don’t suppose he’ll have anymoney to leave you. He has his sister and all her children to maintain,and he’s always spending money on those lawsuits. I feel sorry for you,Bessy. It will all end badly, I’m sure.”

maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v. 扶养，供养

Her income was barely enough to maintain onechild, let alone three. 她的收入养活一个孩子几乎都不够，更不用说三个了。

feel sorry for 为……感到可惜

I feel sorry for him. 我为他感到可惜。

Mrs Tulliver had started to cry, and Aunt Pulletsoftened towards her. “I suppose I could drive over tomorrow and speak toJane,” she said. “After all, we don’t want other people saying that we havequarrels in our family.”

At that moment, the door opened and Lucy appeared,crying desperately, one side of her white dress and bonnetcompletelycovered in mud. Aunt Pullet began to panic at the entrance of allthis dirt into her house, while Mrs Tulliver, certain that her children were toblame, ran outside to find them.

bonnet /ˈbɒnɪt/ n. 软帽

Look here, I havebought this bonnet. 瞧，我买了这顶帽子。

mud /mʌd/ n. 污泥，泥

What the women didn’t know was that Maggie and Tomhad quarrelled earlier. Tom had made Maggie jealous by paying attention toLucy. He had taken Lucy to look at the fish in the pond.He told Maggie to go away and, overcome with jealousy,she had angrily pushed Lucy into the mud.

pond /pɒnd/ n. 池塘

jealousy /ˈdʒeləsi/ n. 嫉妒

Her beauty causes envy and jealousy. 她的美丽招人妒羡。

Maggie decided then to run away. She was going togo and live with the gypsies. After all, everyone always said that she was likea gypsy, so she reasoned that she should go and live with her true family.After a long walk, she found what she was looking for – a group of gypsy womencooking around a fire in a field. It was certainly true that they looked likeher – they were very dark and had long, untidy hair. Maggie announced to thegypsy women that she had come to live with them, that she could teach themthings and even become their queen if they wanted. The women were polite toher, called her “little lady” and asked if she came from a big house. Maggiewas pleased by this, but when she asked for something to eat and they gave heronly a piece of old bread and some bacon, she began to wish she was at home.When the gypsy men arrived andinspected the contentsof her pockets, she started to feel afraid. The men asked her where she lived,and said that they would take her home if she would say that they had been kindto her. One of the men sat her on a donkey in front of him andthey set off down thelane. It wasdark now and Maggie was terrified.

inspect /ɪnˈspekt/ v. 检查，检验

Elaine went outside to inspect the playing field. 伊莱恩到外边去检查运动场。

donkey /ˈdɒŋki/ n. 驴

set off 出发，动身

lane /leɪn/ n. （乡间）小路，小巷

Then she spotted herfather approaching them on his horse. With a cry ofhappiness she jumped off the donkey and ran to him. Mr Tulliver hugged her.

spot /spɒt/ v. 看见，认出

on the spot 当场，当下

approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ v.  （在距离或时间上）靠近，接近

He didn't approach the front door at once. 他没有立即走近前门。

hug /hʌɡ/ v. 拥抱

“What would I do if I lost my little girl?” heasked her.

The next day Aunt Pullet went to Aunt Glegg’s houseto try to make peace. Aunt Glegg had already repented ofher hard words to her brother-in-law and had decided not to insist onrepayment, but that evening she received a proud letter from Mr Tulliverassuring her that she could have her £500 as soon as possible. Aunt Glegg andthe others knew that this meant Tulliver would have to borrow the money torepay her and get himself into even more debt. The aunts marvelled athis obstinacy and pride. Aunt Glegg could not help her sister now, even if shewanted to. Tulliver had out-manoeuvredher.

repent /rɪˈpent/ v. 后悔

repent of... 后悔…… 

She had repented of what she had done. 她对自己所做的事深感懊悔。

marvel /ˈmɑːvl/ v. 感到吃惊

marvel at 对……感到吃惊

They marveled at her decision. 他们对她的决定感到吃惊。

out-manoeuvre /ˌaʊtməˈnuːvə(r)/ v. 比……高明，比……技高一筹

本章大意

第二天，塔里弗太太带着孩子们和露西来看普雷特姨妈一家，塔里弗太太请求普雷特姨妈周旋格莱格姨妈和塔里弗先生的关系。普雷特姨妈答应了。正在她们说话之际，露西哭着进来了，衣帽上全是污泥。是玛吉做的，她将露西推到了泥地里然后离家出走去找吉普赛人了。在她感到后悔害怕时，爸爸找到了她。当普雷特姨妈感到后悔并决定不追债后却意外收到了塔里弗先生寄来的即将还钱的信。

背景知识：维多利亚时期几位非传统女性

乔治•艾略特并不是她所处时代唯一一个对传统模式化女性形象进行颠覆的妇女。其他有天分，有决心，最重要的是有钱的妇女也同样能够过独立的生活。

弗罗伦斯•南丁格尔（1820-1910）1850年开始接受护士训练。当时护士工作被认为是低下、肮脏的，经常由刑满释放人员从事，因此，她有钱的父母并不同意她选择这份工作。1854年英国被卷入克里米亚战争，她从报纸上得知当时的英国军队医院组织混乱、而且危险，因此她写信给政府问自己能否前去帮忙。官员同意她与随行38名受过训练的护士同往土耳其，在他们的照顾和卫生保障之下，医院的感染死亡人数大大降低了。弗罗伦斯成为了民族女英雄，后来她创立了伦敦第一所护士学校。护士工作从此成为了受人尊重的工作。

伊丽莎白•芭瑞特•伯朗宁（1806-61）因病一生大部分时间不得不局限在家里活动，但这并不妨碍她以女作家和翻译家的身份而受人尊敬。她的诗集很受维多利亚时期人们的喜欢， 1845年她与另一位著名诗人罗伯特•伯朗宁开始书信往来，他也欣赏她的诗作。鸿雁传书最终使他们坠入爱河，但因为罗伯特•伯朗宁比她小六岁，伊丽莎白的父亲强烈反对他们的爱情，更不准他们结婚。1846年，他们私奔到意大利弗罗伦萨，在那里，伊丽莎白的健康状况明显好转，实际上她在43岁时，还娩下一子。伊丽莎白余生都是在意大利度过的，为支持意大利统一运动和女权主义而进行诗歌创作。

玛丽•金斯莉（1862-1900），受维多利亚时期到偏远地区开拓和探险的人事迹的启示，她完成剑桥大学学业后决定去非洲旅行。1893年到1895年间，她先后独自到过尼日利亚、加蓬以及喀麦隆，有时乘坐独木舟，有时靠翻越危险的高山。她是第一个到过这些偏远国家很多地方的欧洲人。在她的探险中，她发现了很多鱼和两栖动物的新物种，她收集并归类后送到了伦敦自然历史博物馆。1897年她在《西非游记》一书中记录了她的这些次旅行，这本书很快受到英国读者的欢迎。1900年英国卷入南非的波尔战争后，玛丽作为护士前往前线帮助英国军队，因高烧病逝在那里，年仅38岁。

语法要点

Reported Questions （转述疑问句）

转述疑问句，即语法中的直接引语变间接引语。其中，直接引语是直接引用别人的原话，这就叫直接引语。而间接引语是用自己的话来转述别人的话，并且不用引号的方式叫做间接引语。在多数情况下，间接引语会构成宾语从句。

比如：My friend said, "I'm very busy." 我朋友说:“我很忙”，这句话中“我很忙”就是直接引语，而 My friend said she was very busy. 我的朋友说她很忙。“她很忙”就是间接引语。

当直接引语变成间接引语的时候，引用的话的时态和人称要根据句子来做出相应的调整。

从句人称的变化：

直接引语的主语是第一人称时，变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。
He said, "I am visiting my aunt next week." → He said that he wasvisiting his aunt next week.

如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。
He said to me, "You are hard-working." → He told me that I washard-working.

如果直接引语的主语是第三人称时，变为间接引语时人称保持不变。
His mother said to me, "He can't go to school." → His mother told methat he couldn't go to school.

从句时态的变化：

如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态保持不变。

如果主句的时态为一般过去时，从句的时态要做相应的变化：
一般现在时改为一般过去时；
现在进行时改为过去进行时；
一般将来时改为过去将来时。

注意：如果直接引语为客观真理、客观事实、自然现象时，变为间接引语时，时态不做变化。

Theteacher said to us, "Light travels faster than sound." → The teachertold us that Light travels faster than sound.