读论语 学英语 子张篇 25 高不可及

着重从历代注解中理解论语的内涵

并透过英国汉学家李雅各的翻译学习英文

主讲人: 燃灯书院朱老师

陈子禽谓子贡曰：“子为恭也！仲尼岂贤于子乎？”

子贡曰：“君子一言以为知，一言以为不知，言不可不慎也！夫子之不可及也，犹天之不可阶而升也。夫子之得邦家者，所谓‘立之斯立，道之斯行，绥之斯来，动之斯和。其生也荣，其死也哀’，如之何其可及也？”

注解：

1、陈子禽—姓陈，名亢（音刚），字子禽。皇侃疏:「子禽当是见孔子栖遑不被时用，故发此不智之言。」
2、夫子之得邦家者—皇侃疏:「邦，谓作诸侯也。家，谓作卿大夫也。言孔子若为时所用，得为诸侯及卿大夫之日，则其风化与尧舜无殊，故先张本，云夫子之得邦家者也。」

3、立之斯立—论语注疏孔安国曰：「言孔子为政，其立教则无不立。」
4、道之斯行—道通导。论语集注:「道，引也，谓教之也。行，从也。」
5、绥之斯来—论语集注:「绥，安也。来，归附也。」
6、动之斯和—论语集注:「动，谓鼓舞之也。和，所谓于变时雍。」

(陈子禽谓子贡曰：“子为恭也！仲尼岂贤于子乎？”)

Ch'anTsze-ch'in 陈子禽, addressing 对...说话Tsze-kung 子贡, said, "You are too  modest 谦虚的. How can Chung-nî 仲尼 be said to be superior 更优秀的 to you?"

(子贡曰：“君子一言以为知，一言以为不知，言不可不慎也！)

Tsze-kung 子贡 said to him, "For one word a man is often deemed 认为 to be wise 明智的, and for one word he is often deemed to be foolish 不智的. We ought to 应该 be careful indeed in what we say.

(夫子之不可及也，犹天之不可阶而升也。) 

"Our Master cannot be attained to 达到, just in the same way as the heavens cannot be gone up by the steps 台阶 of a stair 阶梯.

(夫子之得邦家者，所谓‘立之斯立，道之斯行，绥之斯来，动之斯和。)

"Were our Master in the position 职位 of the ruler 执政者 of a state 诸侯国 or the chief of a family 卿大夫, we should find verified 证明的,证实的 the description 描述 which has been given of a sage's rule:--- he would plant 培育 the people, and forthwith 立即 they would be established 立足;自立(立之以礼); he would lead 引导(导之以德) them on, and forthwith they would follow 遵从 him; he would make them happy (安抚他们), and forthwith multitudes 民众 would resort to 去到 his dominions 管辖地; he would stimulate (用礼乐)鼓舞 them, and forthwith they would be harmonious (友好)和睦的. 

(其生也荣，其死也哀’，如之何其可及也？”)

While he lived, he would be glorious 尊荣的. When he died, he would be bitterly 痛苦地  lamented 哀悼,悲痛. How is it possible for him to be attained to 达到?"