The USA 2

In 1632, the second Lord Baltimore, Catholic in religion, carried out his father's will and founded Maryland. He wished to introduce a feudal system.
1632年，天主教徒巴尔的摩勋爵继承他父亲的意志，建立马里兰殖民地，准备实施封建主义。
The reasons for the failure of the feudal plan was that the Protestants, who were capitalistic-minded, outnumbered the Catholics in Maryland and the wilderness of the continent provided plenty of land while labor was scarce.
封建计划失败的原因在于新教徒具有资本主义思想且为马里兰民众的多数，土地广阔，劳动力稀少。
In order to attract immigration, Lord Baltimore supported religious freedom. The Maryland Toleration Act was passed in 1648.
为吸引移民，巴尔的摩勋爵支持宗教自由，1648年《马里兰宗教容忍法》被通过。
Maryland followed a capitalist development road.
马里兰开始走上资本主义发展道路。
Quakers believed people could communicate directly with God because everyone had an inner light and God was in everyone's soul and in man's heart.
贵格派认为个人可直接与上帝建立联系，因为每个人都有灵光，上帝在每个人心中。
They held that all were born equal but not born sinful.
他们相信人人生而平等，不是生而有罪。
They lived a simple and productive life.
他们崇尚简单而有成效的办法。
William Penn, a Quaker in religion, planted Pennsylvania for his fellow believers to get religious freedom.
威廉·潘恩，贵格派教徒，在宾夕法尼亚使其信徒获得了宗教自由。
He ensured religious freedom for all and offered very easy terms for land to attract numerous Europeans.
为吸引移民，他保证人人享有信仰自由，并提供获得土地的简单条件。
Penn set no restrictions on immigration, made naturalization easier for non-English people, and established a liberal self-government.
潘恩未限制移民，向非英国人简化入籍要求，建立自治政府。
It practiced the idea of the melting-pot for the first time, proved that man could lead a good life without absolute monarch, feudalism or religious and racial uniformity, and inspired such American founding fathers as Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.
这是民族大熔炉思想的首次实施，证明没有君主专制、封建统治、信仰或种族统一，人们仍可过上美好生活，激励了一些开国先驱，如托马斯·杰斐逊和本杰明·富兰克林。
By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America had become Americans and were ready to separate themselves from Europe.
18世纪60年代早期，北美13个殖民地的人民已经成为美国人，他们想要脱离欧洲。
Britain's victory in the French and Indian War led to a conflict with its North American colonies. The British Parliament argued that Britain had spent much money to defend the American colonies and thus imposed such taxes as the stamp tax and the tea tax on the colonies. The people of the 13 colonies contended no taxation without representation.
英国在法国与印第安战争中的胜利导致了与其北美殖民地的冲突，英国政府认为英国为保卫殖民地花费巨大，因此在殖民地强行征收如印花税与茶税等税，13个殖民地人民宣称没有代表权就不纳税。
In 1773, a group of patriots staged the Boston Tea Party and tossed the tea of British merchants into Boston Harbor.
1773年，一些爱国人士将英国商人的茶叶倒入大海。
In 1774, the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia. The colonial leaders urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts passed by British Parliament and to boycott British trade.
1774年，第一次大陆会议在费城召开，殖民地领导号召人民反抗英国议会通过的《不可容忍法案》，抵制英国贸易。
On April 19, 1775, the first shot was fired in Lexington near Concord.
1775年4月19日，在康科德附近列克星敦打响第一枪。
In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a natioal government.
1775年5月，第二次大陆会议在费城召开，开始承担全国政府职能。
In 1776, Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Congress.
1776年,《独立宣言》被国会批准。
It officially proclaimed the independence of 13 North American colonies.
宣言正式宣布北美13个殖民地独立。
It declared that all men were created equal and were endowed with such unalienable rights as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
宣布人人生而平等，造物主赋予每个人诸如生命权、自由权、追求幸福权等不可剥夺的权利。
Governments should secure these rights and derive their power from the consent of the governed.
政府应保障上述权利，政府的权力应经被统治者的同意而产生。
The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from John Locke.
美国政治与革命理论主要源于约翰·洛克。
North Americans won the victory in 1781.
In 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed and Britain had to recognize the independence of America.
1781年，北美获胜，1783年，英国签署《巴黎条约》，承认美国独立。
George Washington was the commander of the Continental Army and the first US President.
乔治·华盛顿，美国首任总统，独立战争时期大陆军总司令。
Benjamin Franklin participated in drafting Declaration of Independence and making the US Constitution.
本杰明·富兰克林，参与起草了《独立宣言》与美国宪法。
Thomas Jefferson assisted by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, he drafted Declaration of Independence.
托马斯·杰斐逊在约翰·亚当斯和本杰明·富兰克林协助下起草了《独立宣言》。
As the third US President, he fulfilled the Louisiana Purchase.
作为美国第三任总统，在任期间购买了路易斯安那地区。
The American Revolution officially proclaimed the birth of a new American nation.
美国独立战争正式宣告美国的诞生。
People in North American colonies crushed British colonial rule and got freedom and independence.
北美殖民地人民成功脱离英国殖民统治，获得自由与独立。