第1721期:Half of US Attack Started by Personal, Workplace Disputes

A new government report says half of the mass attacks in the United States over the past few years started as personal, family, or workplace disputes. The attackers, the report found, were mostly men. The attackers often have a history of mental health issues, money problems or domestic violence. Their weapons of choice: guns. The report was released Wednesday by the U.S. Secret Service’s National Threat Assessment Center.

一份新的政府报告称，在过去几年中，美国发生的大规模袭击事件中有一半起因于个人、家庭或工作场所纠纷。报告发现，袭击者大多是男性。袭击者通常有精神健康问题、金钱问题或家庭暴力的历史。他们选择的武器：枪支。该报告于周三由美国特勤局国家威胁评估中心发布。

The 70-page report studied 173 mass attacks carried out over a five-year period, from January 2016 to December 2020. The mass attacks happened in places such as businesses, schools and religious centers. The attacks killed a total of 513 people and injured 1,234.↳ “It’s just happening way too often,” said Lina Alathari, the center’s director.

这份长达 70 页的报告研究了 2016 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月这五年间发生的 173 起大规模袭击事件。大规模袭击事件发生在企业、学校和宗教中心等场所。这些袭击共造成 513 人死亡，1,234 人受伤。↳ “这种情况发生得太频繁了，”该中心主任 Lina Alathari 说。

Alathari said that while the center did not study the two most recent shootings in California, there are themes seen “over and over again” when studying mass attacks. Officials said the suspects in both recent California shootings were older men. They both used semi-automatic guns.

Alathari 说，虽然该中心没有研究加州最近发生的两起枪击事件，但在研究大规模袭击事件时，有些主题“反复出现”。官员们说，加州最近发生的两起枪击案的嫌疑人都是年长男子。他们都使用半自动枪。

The report is the latest in a series undertaken by the center to examine mass attacks. Earlier reports examined the years of 2017, 2018 and 2019. But the new report noted that it examines several years of data, which offers more “in-depth analysis of the thinking and behavior of mass attackers.”↳ The center defines a mass attack as one in which three or more people — not including the attacker — were harmed.

该报告是该中心为调查大规模袭击而进行的一系列调查中的最新报告。较早的报告检查了 2017 年、2018 年和 2019 年。但新报告指出，它检查了几年的数据，提供了更多“对大规模攻击者的思想和行为的深入分析”。↳ 该中心定义了大规模攻击作为三个或三个以上的人——不包括袭击者——受到伤害的人。

The report noted that nearly two-thirds of attackers showed behaviors or communications “that were so concerning, they should have been met with an immediate response.” It said these concerns were often shared with law enforcement, employers, school workers or parents. But in 20 percent of the cases, the concerning behavior was not communicated to anyone who could do something about it. Ninety-six percent of the attackers were men. The attackers ranged in age from 14 to 87.

该报告指出，近三分之二的攻击者表现出“令人担忧的行为或交流，他们本应立即得到回应。”它说，这些担忧经常与执法部门、雇主、学校工作人员或家长分享。但在 20% 的案例中，相关行为并未传达给任何可以采取措施的人。百分之九十六的袭击者是男性。袭击者的年龄从 14 岁到 87 岁不等。

The report called for greater attention toward violence at home. It noted that half of the attackers had a history of domestic violence or hatred toward women. About half the attacks in the study involved workplace violence related to co-workers, customers or businesses. The report said workplaces should establish “behavioral threat assessment programs” to prevent possible violence. And it said businesses should work with law enforcement to deal with “incidents involving a concern for violence.”

该报告呼吁更多地关注家庭暴力。它指出，一半的袭击者有家庭暴力或仇视女性的历史。研究中大约一半的攻击涉及与同事、客户或企业有关的工作场所暴力。报告称，工作场所应建立“行为威胁评估计划”，以防止可能发生的暴力行为。它还表示，企业应与执法部门合作处理“涉及暴力的事件”。

The report also found that firearms were used in 73 percent of incidents. Mass shootings happen often in the United States. But American lawmakers remain divided on how to deal with gun violence. Democrats are calling for more gun control measures, while Republicans’ calls center on mental health and increased security. Last June, the U.S. Supreme Court expanded the right to carry guns outside the home. The court struck down a state law in New York that required people to show a specific need to carry a firearm in public.

该报告还发现，73% 的事件使用了枪支。美国经常发生大规模枪击事件。但美国立法者在如何处理枪支暴力问题上仍存在分歧。民主党人呼吁采取更多的枪支管制措施，而共和党人的呼吁则集中在心理健康和加强安全方面。去年 6 月，美国最高法院扩大了出门携带枪支的权利。法院否决了纽约州的一项州法律，该法律要求人们表明有特定需要在公共场合携带枪支。