读论语 学英语 为政篇 18 谨言与慎行

着重从历代注解中理解论语的内涵

并透过英国汉学家李雅各的翻译学习英文

主讲人: 燃灯书院 朱老师

子张学干禄。子曰：“多闻阙疑，慎言其余，则寡尤。多见阙殆，慎行其余，则寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，禄在其中矣。”

注解：
1：子张—姓颛孙，名师，字子张，少孔子四十八岁。
2：学干禄—论语注疏:「干，求也。禄，禄位也。」论语新解:「干，求义。求禄即求仕。此处“学”字，犹言“问”。当孔子时，平民中优秀者，亦可进身贵族社会，而获得俸禄，此种人称曰士。当其服务则称曰仕。子张问孔子如何求仕。」
3：多闻阙疑—阙，空缺，搁置。疑，疑惑，不明之处。
4：寡尤—论语注疏包(咸)曰:「尤，过也。疑则阙之，其余不疑，犹慎言之，则少过。」
5：多见阙殆—论语注疏包曰:「殆，危也。所见危者，阙而不行，则少悔。」
6：禄在其中—论语注疏郑玄曰:「言行如此，虽不得禄，亦同得禄之道。」

(子张学干禄。)

Tsze-chang 子张 was learning with a view to official 官员的 emolument 俸禄.

(子曰：“多闻阙疑，慎言其余，则寡尤。)

The Master said, "Hear much and put aside 搁置 the points of which you stand 处于某种状态 in doubt 怀疑；不能肯定, while you speak cautiously 谨慎地 at the same time of the others:--- then you will afford 处于某种状态[=allow yourself] few occasions 场合,时刻 for blame 责备.

(多见阙殆，慎行其余，则寡悔。) 

See much and put aside the things which seem perilous 危险的；冒险的, while you are cautious at the same time in carrying the others into practice 实行:--- then you will have few occasions for repentance 后悔. 

(言寡尤，行寡悔，禄在其中矣。”)

When one gives few occasions for blame in his words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct 行为, he is in the way to get emolument."