57.High School English Reading Listening

Why College Is Not Home
　　The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
　　For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
　　To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself bothe intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.
　　Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
　　Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
　　It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
　　Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.
译文：
为什么大学不是家
　　大学时代应该是自主性的重要增长和成人身份发展的时期。然而，现在它们正成为一段漫长的青春期，在这期间，今天的许多学生没有肩负起成年人的责任。
　　对于前几代人来说，大学是决定性地脱离父母的控制；指导和支持需要来自同龄人和内部的帮助。然而，在过去的二十年里，由于手机、电子邮件和社交媒体的出现，与家人的持续联系和对家人的依赖性大大增加。一些父母甚至还帮助做课业。大学并没有提倡将大学作为从家庭的庇护下走向自主和成人责任的通道，而是屈服于这样的想法：大学应该提供与家庭相同的环境。
　　为了准备增加自主权和责任，大学需要成为一个探索和试验的时期。这个过程包括 "尝试 "新的思维方式，无论是在智力方面还是个人方面。虽然我们应该在大学里提供 "安全空间"，但我们也必须让表达意见和挑战大多数人的观点变得安全。严格的辩论和质疑可以促进智力成长和灵活性。
　　学习应对社会世界同样重要。由于大学社区不同于家庭，许多学生会努力寻找归属感。如果学生依靠管理者来规范他们的社会行为和思维模式，他们就不会面临在一个更大的、复杂的社区中寻找身份的挑战。
　　此外，大学监控和塑造学生行为的趋势与年轻人的另一个特点相抵触：对被长辈控制的反应。如果对可接受的社会行为的定义和控制过于严格，管理者试图减少的不敏感或攻击性行为实际上可能被鼓励。
　　年轻人有可能爆发，特别是在有理由这样做的时候，这并不奇怪。我们这一代人曾经在国家紧急情况下携手并肩，立场坚定。今天缺乏的是青少年对自主的渴望和他们对不安全世界的理解之间的冲突。因此，有的人希望他们的宿舍成为替代的家，而不是体验智力成长的地方。
　　每所大学关于社区价值、社会氛围和行为的讨论都应该包括对学生自主和自我调节的发展重要性的认识，以及对安全和自我发现之间必要的张力的认识。
重点词汇：
supposed to 应该
extended period 延长期；持续期
In the past 在过去
cell phones 手机 ; 移动电话
social media 社交网络媒介
go so far as to 至若；竟至；竟然；至于
Instead of 而不是 ; 代替 ; 作为…的替换