48.High School English Reading Listening

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的.) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual(知识的) opportunities.
　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
译文：
这几乎是一条单行道。虽然大学研究人员在商业领域碰运气很常见，但相反方向的交通却非常少。薪酬一直是最大的阻碍因素，因为有家庭的人往往觉得他们无法承受转到大学工作后的工资下降。然而，对于一些工业科学家来说，学术界的吸引力超过了任何经济上的考虑。
　　当海伦-李从雅培实验室的高级职位转到剑桥大学的医学系时，她的薪水减少了70%。她在职业生涯中期回到学术界的主要原因是为了利用更大的自由来选择研究问题。有些研究领域几乎没有商业回报的前景，而李的研究就是其中之一。
　　对于处于职业生涯早期阶段的科学家来说，减薪的影响可能没有那么严重。盖伊-格兰特现在是剑桥大学联合利华分子信息学中心的研究助理，他在回到大学担任博士后研究员之前，曾在一家制药公司工作过两年。他减了30%的工资，但他认为为了获得更多的知识机会，这是值得的。
　　李说，在更高的阶梯上，降薪通常更明显，对具有丰富工业经验的科学家的需求迫使大学使向学术界的过渡更具吸引力。工业界的科学家往往接受学术界所没有的培训，比如如何建立一个多学科的团队，管理预算和谈判合同。李说，他们还能为学术角色的教学带来一些额外的东西，这将有助于学生在毕业时找到工作，也许是制造实践或产品开发方面的经验。"只有少数的本科生会继续从事学术工作。因此，离开大学时已经具备在工业实验室工作所需技能的人，在就业市场上的潜力远远大于那些把所有时间都花在狭窄的研究项目上的人。"
重点词汇：
one-way street 单向付出的关系 ; 单方受益的协议
commercial world 商界
very little 寸；半；无几；微乎其微
opposite direction 反向 ; 相反的方向
financial considerations 【财】财务因素
take advantage of 利用 ; 占…的便宜 ; 欺骗 ; 捉弄