1-9 AGE and society ----4--- 00
PERHAPS MY BEST YEARS ARE GONE... BUT I WOULDN’T WANT THEM BACK. NOTWITH THE FIRE IN ME NOW.
----SAMUEL BECKETT, IRISH PLAYWRIGHT
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GETTING OLDER IS A FACT OF LIFE. OUR BODIES CHANGE OVER
TIME, THE ELASTICITY OF OUR SKIN DECREASES, HAIR THINS AND
TURNS GREY, AND THE TAKEN-FOR-GRANTED ENERGY OF YOUTH
REDUCES. ALL HUMANS AGE, BUT WHAT IT IS TO GET OLDER, AND
THE EXPERIENCES OF OLDER PEOPLE, DEPEND GREATLY ON THE
KIND OF SOCIETY IN WHICH ONE LIVES.
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How old is old
Life expectancy depends on where one is born. In some countries life
expectancy is very low because of war, poverty, or the extent of communicable
diseases such as HIV/AIDS. In Malawi in Africa, for example, there is an
average life expectancy of just under 44 years for both men and women. In
Japan it is more than 84 years.
The wealth of a country does not mean that its people will live longer. The
level of equality, that is the difference between the poorest and the richest people
in a society, is important too. So, in Norway, which has a more equal society, the
life expectancy is nearly 82 years; while in the USA, which has a much more
unequal society, it is nearer to 79 years.
In some countries the population is ageing so the experience of older people is
of increasing importance. In Britain the over 65s outnumber those under 16, and
in Japan there has been a surge in the elderly population.
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How old age is seen
The way different societies view old age also varies. The visible signs of ageing
– the grey hair and lines on the skin – have been interpreted in different ways by
societies at different times. For example, it was socially desirable to appear more
mature in Victorian England (1837–1901) and young men would try to make
themselves look older by growing a beard as soon as they could. In present-day
North America and Europe, where youth is highly valued, a wide range of
technologies exist, including painful medical procedures, that can help people
maintain a youthful appearance by hiding the natural signs of ageing.
Singaporean sociologist Angelique Chan notes that in Malay cultures where
religious wisdom is prized, older people enjoy a reasonable social status.
However, in countries like China that prize people who are earning money,
being older is not so valued.
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New things
Getting older can be a time to explore new pastimes and pursue dreams that were put on hold during
busier times.
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A golden time
British sociologist Paul Higgs has been interested in studying what it is to be
older in wealthy countries across Western Europe and North America. His
research has taken him away from stereotypical views that old age should be
research has taken him away from stereotypical views that old age should be
seen as a low point in people’s lives. He sees older age as being a “golden time”
for many older people alive today, a time when they can enjoy pursuing the
activities, goals, and dreams they did not have the time to realize when they were
younger.
However, it may be different for today’s young people. The generation that
Higgs refers to grew up in a time of economic and social stability. British
journalists Ed Howker and Shiv Malik in their book Jilted Generation (2013)
and US sociologist Jennifer Silva in her book Coming Up Short: Working-Class
Adulthood in an Age of Uncertainty (2013) have argued that today’s young
people lack the same job security and finances to buy a home that were available
for previous generations. They might be the first generation whose standard of
living will be lower than that of their parents. When they get older their lives
could be marked by inequality and poverty.
So society’s view of what it is to be old is evolving and depends on economic
as well as cultural factors.
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OLDER RUNNERS
French sociologist Emmanuelle Tulle’s research on older competitive runners challenged stereotypes
about older people. In her work with runners in their 40s, 50s, and 60s she found that they had developed an urge to run over many years. Despite being older,
their motivation was not to prevent illness, neither did they want to
be seen as heroes of old age, just to run without being dismissed as
foolish.
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According to the United Nations, by 2050 the global population of people over 60 will be 2.1 billion.
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